FREE-HAND DRAWING IN EDUCATION. 



757 



A.* Figure painters of national repute -08 2 



B. Landscape painters, telegraph operators, coasting and yacht 

 mates and masters, village blacksmiths, expert baseball 



players -17 4 



0. Mechanical engineers -30 7 



D. Mechanical draughtsmen -40 9*5 



E. Teachers, journeymen house carpenters, farmers thirty years 



old or more -50 12 



0. Children eight years of age ." 2.00 50 



To remove opinion the test must be equally new to all tested. 

 It must be easy enough for the child of eight to draw quickly ; 

 difficult enough, so that the most expert of any age will be unable 



to reproduce it per- ^ 



fectly. To be novel 

 to all it must be ab- 

 stract. The above 

 table is the result of 

 measures obtained in 

 the following way : 



Test No. 1 

 ASSISTED ATTENTION 



Test No. 2 

 VOLUNTARY ATTENTION 



Tests No. 1 and 

 No. 2, mechanically 

 enlarged to three feet by two feet, are placed vertically before 

 groups of from twenty to fifty or more individuals. The copies 

 are drawn on paper nine by six inches, and must not be raised 

 from the horizontal position. 



The usual mechanical aids to accuracy, such as measuring by 

 the hand or pencil held between the eye and the object, are not 

 allowed in any way. 



For test No. 1 the operator calls attention to the chart that is 

 to be proportionally reproduced by words that in no way hint 

 at the position or proportion, and by motion, pointing out and 

 holding for a few seconds, until recorded, each point on the chart. 

 The time consumed will be about two minutes, and the result 

 tabulated for age and error may be read in line No. 1 on large 

 chart, showing no variation for age. The least error is nothing; 

 greatest, six tenths of an inch ; average, three tenths of an inch. 

 Between this line and the top of the chart lies all the error of eye 

 and hand. The eye of the child sees as accurately as the adult's. 



Test No. 2 is to be drawn under exactly the same conditions 

 as the above, except that no word or motion must aid the atten- 

 tion of those drawing, either to the chart or their copy of it. The 

 attention given it must be voluntary. The result, measured and 

 charted by age, position, and angle error, may be read for any 

 age eight to twenty on line No. 2. This curve is the center of 



* These letters will be found on chart, indicating the relative position of the centers of 

 these groups. 



