THE RACIAL GEOGRAPHY OF EUROPE. 



157 



coasts were mainly piratical; few names indicating any permanent 

 settlement occur. These Danes were in search of booty alone. 

 Farther north, especially in Lincolnshire and its vicinity, the charac- 

 ter of the names betokens intentional colonization, and a very in- 

 tensive one at that. Thus, nearly a quarter of all the village names 

 in Lincolnshire terminate in " by," as Whitby, Derby, and the like. 

 The Saxon equivalent for this Danish word for village is " ham " 

 or " ton," as Buckingham and Huntington. The line of demarca- 

 tion of Danish settlement on the south is very sharp. The fens 

 deterred them from extending in this direction, for the marshes were 

 long a stronghold of the Brit- 

 ish, as we have seen. From the 

 Wash north over Yorkshire to 

 the Tweed they occupied and 

 settled the country effectively. 

 Three hundred years were ne- 

 cessary to accomplish this re- 

 sult. 



The Norwegians, coming 

 next, mainly confined their at- 

 tention to the northern and 

 western coasts of Scotland, 

 shunning their vigorous com- 

 petitors to the south. They 

 attacked the island from the 

 back side. The fringe of 

 Norse place names upon our 

 map is very striking. These 

 Teutons rarely penetrated far 

 inland in Scotland, especially 

 along this west coast, for here 

 the country is rugged; the 

 only means of communication 

 is by sea; so that the isolated 

 colonies of " baysmen " were 



speedily absorbed. On the islands the Shetlands, Orkneys, and 

 Hebrides the case was different. Here the aborigines were often 

 entirely replaced by a purely Scandinavian population. Such a 

 family with strongly accentuated Norwegian peculiarities is depicted 

 herewith. Its contrast with the aboriginal dark population, the 

 " old black breed," shown on a preceding page, needs no comment. 

 The effect of a lesser Teutonic strain in the old stock is clearly 

 manifested in the second type which accompanies our previous 

 portrait. One reason for the Teutonization of these islands is that 



Scandinavian Types. 

 Lewis, Hebrides Islands. 



