3 i8 POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY. 



swept away out to the point of Brittany, where it has held its own 

 to this day. The central plateau of France, in fact, was peopled by 

 it, perhaps for the first time.* The intrusive type seems also to 

 have with difficulty entered Spain, for, as we have shown, the popula- 

 tion of the mountainous northwest provinces is even at this present 

 day less purely Iberian in type by reason of it.f One spot alone 

 south of the Mediterranean Sea was perceptibly affected by it; re- 

 cent evidence from the island of Gerba off Tunis proving such coloni- 

 zation to have taken place. $ In Italy we are certain as to the exten- 

 sion of the Alpine type down into the peninsula. The existing 

 population of the Po basin was submerged entirely, with the in- 

 herited result that the broad-headedness of the peasantry to-day 

 becomes less frequent across Tuscany until it vanishes somewhat 

 north of Kome.* In the eastern half of Europe the occupation was 

 complete; whether primary or not it is impossible to state. In 

 Austria at least, a long-headed people probably antedated it.|| We 

 only know that the broad-headed Slavic populations extend to-day 

 uninterruptedly across from the Baltic to the Black Sea, apparently 

 becoming purer as we proceed eastward. 



What right have we for the assertion that this infiltration of 

 population from the east it was not a conquest, everything points 

 to it as a gradual peaceful immigration, often merely the settlement 

 of unoccupied territory marks the advent of an overflow from the 

 direction of Asia? The proof of this rests largely upon our knowl- 

 edge of the people of that continent, especially of the Pamir region, 

 the western Himalayan highlands. Curiously enough, just here 

 on the " roof of the world," where Max Miiller and the early philolo^ 

 gists placed the primitive home of Aryan civilization, a human type 

 prevails which tallies almost exactly with our ideal Alpine or Celtic 

 European race. The researches of de Ujfalvy, A Topinard, and 

 others localize its peculiar traits over a vast territory hereabouts. 

 The Galchas, Tadjiks, and their fellows are gray-eyed, dark-haired, 

 stocky in build, with cephalic indexes ranging above 86 for 

 the most part. Be it noted, these people are not Hindus, those 

 whom Max Miiller held to be modern representatives of our primitive 

 common ancestor. The Hindus are rather akin to our long-headed 

 Mediterranean race. The basin of the Ganges is as different anthro- 

 pologically from the Himalayan highlands as that of the Rhone is 

 from the Swiss or Italian Alps. This was emphasized in our world 



* Salmon, 1895, and Herv6, 1896, have well summarized the evidence for France. 



f Hoyos Sainz and Aranzadi, 1892, and Jacques, 1888. % Bertholon, 1897. 



# Zampa, 1891, is best on this. || Matiegka, 1890. 



A Les Aryens au Nord et au Sud de PHindou-Kouch, Paris, 1896. For other peoples of 

 India, consult Risley. 



