SCIENTIFIC LITERATURE. 



423 



nation of the cause of astigmatism, a clearer 

 statement of the nature of space perception 

 and the law of direction, a new mode of lo- 

 cating in space the visual representative of 

 the blind spot, a brief account of " visual 

 purple" and its probable function, and a 

 much fuller exposition of color perception 

 and color blindness. There is little change 

 in Part II. Part III, where Professor Le 

 Conte's own views are especially set forth, 

 has been carefully gone over and verified- 

 There have also been added a chapter on the 

 form of phantom planes under certain con- 

 ditions, and a final chapter on the evolution 

 of the eye. Illustrations and diagrams are 

 numerous. For a full notice of the original 

 volume our readers are referred to the June 

 issue of 1881. 



The Sixth Annual Report of the Tennes- 

 see Bureau of Labor Statistics and Mines for 

 1896 calls especial attention to the growth 

 of Tennessee as a mining and industrial State. 

 It is shown that her mineral production was 

 never before so large ; that there has been a 

 marked improvement in the condition of the 

 mining properties ; and that, notwithstanding 

 the large increase in output, the number of 

 accidents has been markedly decreased. 

 Among the special articles we find the fol- 

 lowing titles : The Manufacture of Coke ; Pig- 

 iron Industry in 1896 ; Zinc, Lead, and Cop- 

 per ; the Phosphate Industry ; and the Petro- 

 leum Field of Tennessee. 



Part II of The Report of the Alabama 

 State Geologist has recently reached us. It 

 describes the so-called Coosa Valley region. 

 Part I treating of the Tennessee Valley re- 

 gion. The topographic, geologic, and eco- 

 nomic features are all considered. The ge- 

 ology of this section is especially difficult, 

 because of the number of formations in- 

 volved and their complexity of structure. 

 The large economic interests here, however, 

 make the study one of great value. The 

 volume contains an interesting and instruct- 

 ive map of structure sections through various 

 portions of the State. 



Crime and Criminals (Chicago: W. T. 

 Keener Co., $1) is substantially a reproduc- 

 tion of a series of articles contributed by the 

 author, J. Sandersen Christison, under the 

 title of Jail Types, to a Chicago journal. 

 They are given in book form in response to 



the favorable notices they receive. They 

 consist of sketches life histories with char- 

 acterizations of individual criminals, with 

 photographic profile and full-face portraits. 

 The author suggests that those who read 

 them may find much to reflect upon in the 

 line of duty as members of society at large. 

 The delinquents are regarded, from the psy- 

 chological point of view, as belonging to the 

 three classes of the insane, the moral paretic, 

 and criminals proper. 



In The Science of Speech (Washington : 

 The Volta Bureau) Alexander Melville Bell 

 offers an explanation of all the actions of 

 the mouth and the vocal organs which pro- 

 duce speech. While in the system of visible 

 speech the elements of language are exhib- 

 ited in symbols, by which some beginners 

 may be deterred, in the present work the 

 same elements are described without sym- 

 bols, with the formation of the sounds ex- 

 pressed in the nomenclature. Hence the 

 author styles it a species of shorthand for 

 the mechanism of utterance. 



The sixth volume of the Report of the 

 Iowa Geological Survey (Samuel Calvin, 

 State Geologist) includes the reports on Lead 

 and Zinc Deposits, by A. G. Leonard; The 

 Sioux Quartzite and Certain Associated 

 Rocks, by S. W. Beyer ; the Artesian Wells 

 of Iowa, by W. H. Norton ; and the Relations 

 of the Wisconsin and Kansas Drift Sheets in 

 Central Iowa, and Related Phenomena, by H. 

 Foster Bain. The lead and zinc deposits ex- 

 tend along the Mississippi River for nearly 

 eighty miles, in the counties of Dubuque, 

 Clayton, and Allamakee. Mr. Norton's paper 

 on Artesian Wells is a full and elaborate 

 study of the subject. 



The Bulletin of the United States Fuh 

 Commission, Volume XVI, for 1896 (John J. 

 Brice, Commissioner), contains a report, by 

 Barton W. Everman, upon Salmon Investi- 

 gations in the Headwaters of the Columbia 

 River, in the State of Idaho, in 1895, to- 

 gether with notes upon the fishes observed 

 in that State in 1894 and 1895; and papers 

 on the Artificial Propagation of the Rainbow 

 Trout, by George A. Beagle; The Russian 

 Fur Sea Islands, by Leonhard Stejneger; 

 The Artificial Propagation of Salmon on the 

 Pacific Coast of the United States, with Notes 

 on the Natural History of the Quinal Salmon, 



