502 POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY. 



process is a part of the process of evolution. We agree that the 

 struggle for life needs to be qualified when the gregarious state is 

 entered, and that among gregarious creatures lower than man a 

 rudiment of the ethical check is visible. We agree that among men 

 the ethical check, becoming more and more peremptory, has to be 

 enforced by the society in its corporate capacity, the State. We 

 agree that beyond that qualification of the struggle for life which 

 consists in restricting the activities of each so that he may not trench 

 upon the spheres for the like activities of others, which we call 

 justice, there needs that further qualification which we call benefi- 

 cence; and we differ only respecting the agency by which the benefi- 

 cence should be exercised. We agree in emphasizing, as a duty, the 

 effort to mitigate the evils which the struggle for existence in the 

 social state entails; and how complete is this agreement may be seen 

 on observing that the sentiment contained in Prof. Huxley's closing 

 lines is identical with the sentiment contained in the last paragraph 

 of the Principles of Ethics. Obviously, then, it is impossible that 

 Prof. Huxley can have meant to place the ethical views he holds in 

 opposition to the ethical views I hold; and it is the more obviously 

 impossible because, for a fortnight before his lecture, Prof. Huxley 

 had in his hands the volumes containing the above quotations, along 

 with multitudinous passages of kindred meanings. But as this 

 erroneous belief is prevalent, it seems needful for me to dissipate it. 

 Hence this letter. 



The closing lines of this last paragraph were regarded by Prof. 

 Huxley as tacitly charging him with an unacknowledged adoption 

 of my views. It did not occur to me when writing them that they 

 could be so interpreted. My intention was simply to show that he 

 had abundant opportunity for seeing at first hand what my views 

 were, and had therefore the less reason for presenting his own similar 

 views as though they stood in opposition to mine. * 



As an example of the work that may be done for scientific geography 

 in Africa, Mr. J. Scott Keltie cited, in the British Association, the discovery 

 made by Mr. Moore, a young biologist trained in geographical observation, 

 on Lake Tanganyika, of a fauna held to be of a salt-water type, which 

 seems to afford a key to the past history of the center of the continent. 

 Mr. Moore believes that the connection of this part of Africa with the coast 

 was not by the west, as Joseph Thomson surmised, but by the north, through 

 the Great Rift Valley of Dr. Gregory. 



