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ffragmjetits oi ^ctjetucje. 



School Baths and Workmen's Baths in 

 Germany. From a long paper on the Public 

 Baths of Europe by Dr. E. M. Hartwell, 

 we take the following: The first public 

 school bath in Germany was placed in a 

 common school in Gottingen in 1883, the 

 mayor of that city being prompted to uti- 

 lize two basement rooms for the purpose 

 through the suggestion of a professor of 

 hygiene that the provision of well-ventilated 

 schoolrooms was likely to be futile if they 

 were occupied by dirty children. The cost 

 of installation was one hundred and eighty- 

 six dollars. The bath proved an emi- 

 nent success. The example of Gottingen 

 was followed by other cities, until it is 

 now possible to name some forty German, 

 Swiss, and Scandinavian cities that have in- 

 troduced warm shower baths into their com- 

 mon schools. Certain cities, as Munich, 

 Berlin, Frankfort, and Cologne, have adopted 



the policy of placing such baths in all new 

 schoolhouses of the class named. The 

 development and spread of the workman's 

 bath have also been rapid and extensive dur- 

 ing the past few years in Germany. It 

 seems that bath houses designed to meet 

 the special needs of operatives were in exist- 

 ence in Miilhausen, in Alsace, early in the 

 fifties. Since that time several more similar 

 baths have been built at Miilhausen. In 

 1873 the firm of Friedrich Krupp erected a 

 central bath house in its well known steel 

 works at Essen. The bathrooms are fur- 

 nished with tubs, hot and cold water, and 

 shower appliances. Free baths are provided 

 in various parts of the E^sen works for par- 

 ticular classes of workmen, as furnace men. 

 In the Bessemer works, for instance, there 

 is a' bathroom which dates from 1893, con- 

 taining shower appliances. Dr. Hartwell 

 has compiled a list of nearly two hundred 



