600 POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY. 



perfectly regular, as our maps in the October (1897) number of this 

 series have made manifest. It has been established that while the 

 cities in the north are less broad-headed than the country, in mid- 

 Italy no appreciable difference between the two exists; and in the 

 south, the cities being ever nearer the mean for the country as a 

 whole, actually contain fewer long-headed individuals than the 

 rural districts. This consideration, which no statistician can fail to 

 keep in mind, seems, however, to be insufficient to account for the 

 entire phenomenon, especially north of the Alps. We are forced to 

 the conclusion, in other words, that there is some mental character- 

 istic of the long-headed race or types, either their energy, ambi- 

 tion, or hardiness, which makes them peculiarly prone to migrate 

 from the country to the city; or else, what would compass the same 

 result, a peculiar disinclination on the part of the broad-headed 

 Alpine race of central Europe thus to betake itself to the towns. 

 The result in either case would be to leave the fate of the urban 

 populations to be determined more and more by the long-headed 

 type. 



A second mode of proof of the peculiar tendency of the long- 

 headed type to gravitate toward the city is based upon the detailed 

 study of individuals, tracing each person from his place of birth, 

 or from generation to generation from the rural origin to the final 

 urban residence. Dr. Ammon divided his conscripts into three 

 classes: The urban, those whose fathers were of city birth, as well 

 as themselves; the semi-urban, comprising those born in cities, but 

 whose fathers were immigrants from the country; and, thirdly, the 

 semi-rural class, who, born in the country, had themselves taken 

 up an abode in the city. Comparing these three classes with those 

 who were still domiciled in the country, a regularly increasing 

 long-headedness was apparent in each generation. Lapouge and 

 his disciples in France are now collecting much valuable informa- 

 tion upon this point which can not fail to be suggestive when accu- 

 mulated in sufficient amount. Everything goes to prove a slight 

 but quite general tendency toward this peculiar physical charac- 

 teristic in the town populations, or in the migratory class, which has 

 either the courage, the energy, or the physical ability to seek its for- 

 tunes at a distance from its rural birthplace. 



Is this phenomenon, the segregation of a long-headed physical 

 type in city populations, merely the manifestation of a restless tend- 

 ency on the part of the Teutonic race to reassert itself in the new 

 phases of nineteenth-century competition? All through history 

 this type has been characteristic of the dominant classes, especially 

 in military and political, perhaps rather than purely intellectual, 

 affairs. All the leading dynasties of Europe have long been re- 



