ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCE OF ST. LOUIS. 635 



he was appointed lecturer in botany at Bowdoin, and gave the first 

 courses in that subject at that institution. Shortly after, as principal 

 of Hampden Academy, he had an opportunity long desired, and 

 interested the State Legislature in experimental agriculture. The 

 Legislature gave him a grant of land, and he at once organized a 

 system of agricultural experimentation and a laboratory of agri- 

 cultural chemistry. In 1850 he removed to Missouri, where he had 

 been appointed to the chair of chemistry and geology in the State 

 University. His influence in the State was at once felt. An address 

 made by him, in 1852, led to the organization of the Agricultural 

 and Mechanical Associations of Boone and St. Louis Counties. 

 Such associations, for the benefit of farmers and interchange of ideas 

 in agriculture, were then rapidly organized throughout the State. 

 In 1853 Professor Swallow took charge of the State Geological Sur- 

 vey, which he conducted for seven years. The scientific results of 

 this work were of the utmost value. The existence of Permian rocks 

 in this country was demonstrated by it, and many other facts in 

 stratigraphy and paleontology brought out. Nor were its practical 

 results less striking. The twenty-seven thousand square miles of 

 coal beds in Missouri were unknown before its time. The civil war 

 brought the survey to an end. In 1865, appointed State Geologist 

 of Kansas, Professor Swallow worked there for two years. In 1870, 

 returning to Missouri, he was given the chair of agriculture and 

 geology in the State University. Later he was made dean of the 

 College of Agriculture. After many years of faithful work for 

 Missouri, Dr. Swallow removed to Montana, where he has had much 

 to do with the development of mining interests. He still lives, a 

 happy and respected octogenarian, with an honorable career behind 

 him. 



Garland Carr Broadhead came of good English and English- 

 Scotch ancestry. He was born in Albemarle County, Virginia, 

 October 30, 1827. In September, 1836, his father moved to St. 

 Charles County, Missouri. His early instruction was gained from 

 his parents and from private tutors, but in 1850 he went to the State 

 University at Columbia, where he first became interested in geology. 

 With the intention of becoming a civil engineer, he then attended 

 the Military Institute of Kentucky. There he met Colonel Richard 

 Owen, brother of David Dale and Robert Dale Owen, and his in- 

 terest in geology was greatly increased by this acquaintance. In 

 1852 he began professional work in railroad construction and map- 

 making in Missouri. After four years on the railroad he ac- 

 cepted the appointment of assistant in the State Geological Sur- 

 vey, which he retained until the work was discontinued in 1861. 

 From that time on until 1868 he was in railroad or national Govern- 



