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POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY, 



annoyance to other patients in the ward al- 

 ways a great danger in itself and sometimes 

 fatal to the patients is added to the danger 

 of communicating tuberculosis. They should 

 be isolated. A number of instances are cited 

 of special hospitals for consumptives main- 

 tained by private enterprise, to show that 

 patients can be cared for economically at 

 such institutions, and with a success accord- 

 ing to the stage of the disease when they are 

 taken there. At St. Joseph Hospital, New 

 York, fifteen hundred far- gone cases are 

 cared for annually at an average cost of fifty 

 cents a day. At Saranac Lake, where in- 

 cipient cases are taken, from thirty to thirty- 

 five per cent are cured with an average stay 

 of eleven months and ten days ; at Liberty 

 fifty per cent are improved after three 

 months, and about twenty-five per cent are 

 cured. At Sharon Sanitarium, near Boston, 

 twenty-five per cent of " arrested cases " are 

 reported. Other sanitary advantages of in- 

 estimable value to the community are men- 

 tioned as likely to accrue from the establish- 

 ment of such sanitariums and their proper 

 management. Patients will, for instance, 

 receive there a proper sanitary education, and 

 be drilled in sanitary practice, taking which 

 to their homes, they will become educational 

 factors in public hygiene. Dr. Knopf pro- 

 poses to have these sanitariums controlled 

 and maintained by States and municipalities. 

 It would be well to have the infection of 

 corruption removed from State and munici- 

 pal politics before this is done. 



Crater Lake, Oregon. Crater lakes are 

 defined by Mr. J. S. Diller as lakes that oc- 

 cupy the craters of volcanoes, or pits of vol- 

 canic origin. They are most abundant in 

 Italy and Central America, regions in which 

 volcanoes are still active; and they occur 

 also in France, Germany, India, the Sand- 

 wich Islands, and other parts of the world 

 where volcanic phenomena have been impor- 

 tant in geological history. Only one is known 

 in the United States, and that is in south- 

 ern Oregon, in the heart of the Cascade Range. 

 It is interesting to the geologist and inviting 

 to the tourist and health-seeker. It is as yet 

 reached only by private conveyance over about 

 eighty miles of mountain roads from Ashland, 

 Medford, or Gold Hill, on the railroad. The 

 lake, which appears to be about the height 



of Mount Washington above the sea, is sur- 

 rounded by a series of unbroken cliffs rang- 

 ing from 6,759 to 8,228 feet in height, or 

 from more than five hundred to nearly two 

 thousand feet above it, which are clearly re- 

 flected in its deep-blue waters. The outer 

 slope of this rim is gentle, while the inner 

 slope is abrupt and full of cliffs. The rim 

 crest is generally passable, so that a pedes- 

 trian may follow it continuously round the 

 lake a circuit of about twenty miles with 

 the exception of short intervals on the south- 

 ern side. The inner slope of the rim, though 

 precipitous, is not a continuous cliff, but is 

 made up of many cliffs, whose horizontal ex- 

 tent is generally much greater than the ver- 

 tical. Other elements of the inner slope are 

 forests and talus, and these make it possi- 

 ble at a few points to approach the lake, 

 not with great ease, but, if done careful- 

 ly, with little danger. On arriving at the 

 water's edge, the observer is struck with 

 the fact that there is no beach. The 

 steep slopes above the surface of the lake 

 continue beneath its waters to great depths. 

 " Here and there upon the shore, where a rill 

 descends from a melting snow bank near the 

 crest, a small delta deposit makes a little 

 shallow, turning the deep blue water to pale 

 green." Among the most salient features of 

 the lake are Wizard Island and the Phantom 

 Ship. Wizard Island embraces an extremely 

 rough lava field and a cinder cone, from the 

 base of which the lava has been erupted. 

 The cinder cone is a perfect little volcano 

 with steep, symmetrical slope, eight hundred 

 and forty- five feet high, and surmounted 

 by a crater eighty feet deep, and is so new 

 and fresh that it is scarcely forested, and 

 shows no trace of weathering. The Phantom 

 Ship is a craggy little islet with features that 

 suggest the name. " Aside from its attract- 

 ive scenic features, Crater Lake affords one 

 of the most interesting and instructive fields 

 for the study of volcanic geology to be found 

 anywhere in the world. Considered in all its 

 aspects, it ranks with the Grand Canon of 

 the Colorado, the Yosemite Valley, and the 

 Falls of Niagara." 



The Enchanted Mesa. An article in a 

 recent copy of the National Geographic Mag- 

 azine, by F. W. Hodge, gives an account of 

 some interesting exploratory work done by 



