io6 The Advancement of Learning 



preserved. For the contrary hereof hath made particular 

 sciences to become barren, shallow, and erroneous, while 

 they have not been nourished and maintained from the 

 common fountain. So we see Cicero the orator complained 

 of Socrates and his school that he was the first that separated 

 philosophy and rhetoric ; ^ whereupon rhetoric became an 

 empty and verbal art. So we may see that the opinion of 

 Copernicus touching the rotation of the earh, which astro- 

 nomy itself cannot correct, because it is not repugnant to 

 any of the phenomena, yet natural philosophy may correct. 

 So we see also that the science of medicine, if it be destituted 

 and forsaken by natural philosophy, it is not much better 

 than an empirical practice. With this reservation there- 

 fore we proceed to human philosophy or humanity, which 

 hath two parts : the one considereth man segregate or distri- 

 butively ; the other congregate or in society. So as human 

 philosophy is either simple and particular, or conjugate 

 and civil. 



Humanity particular consisteth of the same parts whereof 

 man consisteth; that is, of knowledges which respect the 

 body, and of knowledges which respect the mind. But 

 before we distribute so far, it is good to constitute. For I 

 do take the consideration in general and at large of human 

 nature to be fit to be emancipate and made a knowledge by 

 itself: not so much in regard of those delightful and elegant 

 discourses which have been made of the dignity of man, of 

 his miseries, of his state and life, and the like adjuncts of his 

 common and undivided nature; but chiefly in regard of 



• the knowledge concerning the sympathies and concordances 



• between the mind and body, which being mixed cannot 

 be properly assigned to the sciences of either. 



2. This knowledge hath two branches : for as all leagues and 

 amities consist of mutual intelligence and mutual offices, so 

 this league of mind and body hath these two parts ; how the 

 one discloseth the other, and how the one worketh upon the 

 other ; discovery and impression. The former of these hath 

 begotten two arts, both of prediction or prenotion ; whereof 

 the one is honoured with the inquiry of Aristotle, and the 

 other of Hippocrates.^ And although they have of later 

 time been used to be coupled with superstitious and fantasti- 

 cal arts, yet being purged and restored to their true state, 



* Cic. de Orai. iii. i6, 17. * In his Pranotiones. 



