148 The Advancement of Learning 



remote appear as present, then upon the revolt of the 

 imagination reason prevaileth. 



5. We conclude, therefore, that rhetoric can be no more 

 charged with the colouring of the worse part, than logic 

 with sophistry,^ or morahty with vice. For we know the 

 doctrines of contraries are the same, though the use be 

 opposite. It appeareth also that logic differeth from 

 rhetoric, not only as the fist from the palm, the one close, 

 the other at large; but much more in this, that logic 

 handleth reason exact and in truth, and rhetoric handleth 

 it as it is planted in popular opinions and manners. And 

 therefore Aristotle ^ doth wisely place rhetoric as between 

 logic on the one side, and moral or civil knowledge on the 

 other, as participating of both: for the proofs and demon- 

 strations of logic are towards all men indifferent and the 

 same; but the proofs and persuasions of rhetoric ought 

 to differ according to the auditors: 



Oqjheus in sylvis, inter delphinas Arion.* 



Which appUcation, in perfection of idea, ought to extend 

 so far, that if a man should speak of the same thing to 

 several persons, he should speak to them all respectively 

 and several ways: though this poUtic part of eloquence in 

 private speech it is easy for the greatest orators to want: 

 whilst by the observing their well-graced forms of speech 

 they leese the volubility of application: and therefore it 

 shall not be amiss to recommend this to better inquiry, 

 not being curious whether we place it here, or in that part 

 which concemeth policy. 



6. Now therefore will I descend to the deficiencies, which, 

 as I said, are but attendances:* and first, I do not find 

 the wisdom and diligence of Aristotle well pursued, who 

 began to make a collection of the popular signs and colours 

 of good and evil, both simple and comparative, which are 

 as the sophisms of rhetoric, as I touched before.* For 

 example : 



\Arist. Rhet. i. i. 14. • Arist. Rhet. i. 2, 7. 



• Virg. Eel. viii. 56, 



• Attendances. " Pertinent omnia ad promptuarium." 



•These were published in 1597, at the end of the volume of 

 Essays. They are reproduced in the corresponding place of the 

 Latin. See Arist. Top. i. 12. 



