PREFACE Vii 



of life rather than impof?ed on the pupil as a matter of 

 abstract unrelated theory. 



It is much better for the beginning pupil to acquire a 

 real conception of a few central principles and points of 

 view respecting common forms that will enable him to tie 

 his knowledge together and organize it and apply it, than 

 to famiharize himself with any number of mere facts about 

 the lower forms of hfe which, at the best, he can know 

 only indirectly and remotely. If the pupil wishes to go 

 farther in later years, he may then take up special groups 

 and phases. 



