1 68 



B£G/NN£/?S' BOTANY 



particular reference to its structure. The botanical and 

 horticultural conceptions of a berry are, therefore, unlike. 

 In the botanical sense, gooseberries, currants, grapes, to- 

 matoes, potato-balls, and even eggplant fruits and oranges 

 (Fig. 241) are berries; strawberries, raspberries, black- 

 berries are not. 



A fleshy pericarp containing one relatively large seed 

 or stone is a drupe. Examples are plum (Fig. 242), peach, 



cherry, apricot, olive. The walls of 

 the pit in the plum, peach, and cherry 

 are formed from the inner coats of 

 the ovary, and the flesh from the 

 outer coats. Drupes are also known 

 as stonc-fniits. 



Fruits that are formed by the sub- 

 sequent union of separate pistils are 

 aggregate fruits. The carpels in 

 aggregate fruits are usually more or less fleshy. In the rasp- 

 berry and the blackberry flower, the pistils are essentially 

 distinct, but as the 

 pistils ripen they co- 

 here and form one 

 body (Figs. 243, 244). 



Fig. 242. — Plum; exam- 

 ple of a drupe. 



Fig. 244. — Aggregate 



Fruit of Mulberry; 



and a separate fruit. 



Fig. 243. — Fruit of Rasp- 

 berry. 



Each of the carpels or pistils in the 

 raspberry and the blackberry is a 

 little drupe or drupelet. In the 

 raspberry the entire fruit separates 

 from the torus, leaving the torus on 

 the plant. In the blackberry and 



