viii . GLOSSARY 



samara. A key fruit, being an iiulchiscenf (not opening) fruit proviiled 



with a wing or wings. 

 saprophyte. A plant tliat lives on dead or decaying material. See 



parasite, 

 scape. A flower-stem rising directly from the crown of tlie plant at the 



surface of the ground or near it. A scape may have bracts. 

 self-fertilization or close-fertilization is fertilization by means of pollen 



produced in the same flower. 

 sepal. One of the parts or leaves of the calyx. 

 ^epticidal. A form of dehiscence or opening along the natural partitions 



of the capsule. 

 sessile. Sitting ; without a stem, as a leaf without petiole, or a flov/er 



without pedicel or peduncle. 

 shrub. A low woody plant that docs not have a distinct trunk. When 



a plant normally has a trunk, it is a tree. 

 silicle. A short, more or less circular, capsule of the mustard family. 

 siliqne. A long capsule of the mustard family. 

 society. An aggregation or company of plants, comprising a more or 



less distinct group. 

 S07-11S (plural sori). ^t&fniit-dot. 

 spadix. A spike of flowers (each flower usually minute), with a more 



or less fleshy axis, and usually accompanied by a spathe. 

 spathe. A corolla-like or involucre-like leaf or bract (or a pair of 



them) suiTounding or accompanying a spadix. In the calla, the 



spathe is the large white flower-like part. 

 spermaphyte ("seed plant''). A seed-bearing plant; one of the 



flowering-plant class. . 

 spike. A dense and slender flower-cluster in which the flowers open 



from below upwaixls. 

 sporangium (plural sporangia i spore-case). A body or receptacle 



holding spores. 

 spore. A reproductive or generative cell ; in flowerless plants answer- 

 ing the purpose of a seed, but containing no embryo. It may not 



be the direct product of fertilization. 

 sporophyll ("spore leaf"). A member or part that bears spores. 

 sporophyte. The stage of the plant arising directly from the fertilized 



tgg., and which ordinarily produces asexual spores (as the "plant" 



or conspicuous part of the fern or of a seed-plant). 

 statnen. The pollen-bearing organ of the flower, of which the essential 



part is the anther (usually borne on a stem or filament). 

 stuminate. Said of a flower that has stamens and no pisMls. 

 stigma. The part of the pistil (usually on a stalk or style) on 



