664 



Cancer Research 



cell clFcinoma of mammals. Multiple inoculations were 

 nude into 6 carp with negative results. 



MusxAY, 1908: In a male stickleback Spinackia 

 spittaclua a flat cooe-shaped tumor was located on one 

 side of the tail. The tumor, histologically a squamous 

 cell carcinoma, arose from the skin and invaded the 

 myotomes of the affected side, penetrating to the verte- 

 brae. The surface was ulcerated, the center necrotic. 



FiCBiCER, 1909 a: An epithelioma was found on 

 the lips of two tench Tinea tinea, both from the same 

 pond. One bore a tumor at the angle of the mouth on 

 the right that spread to both upper and lower lips. In 

 the other fish the neoplasm involved the entire upper 

 lip and extended backward on the left to the orbit. The 

 surface of each tumor was nodular, containing collec- 

 tions of pigment cells and visible blood vessels. His- 

 tdogically there was pronounced epithelial hy'pcrplasia. 

 but a fairly well preserved basement membrane sur- 

 rounded the epithelial pegs. Mucous cells and clavate 

 ceUs were present near the center of the cell masses. 



FiEBiGER, 1909 a: In a carp Cyprinus carpio mul- 

 tiple wart-like masses the size of peas had almost de- 

 stroyed the right pectoral fin. They were also present 

 OD the ventral and dorsal fins, and on the right oper- 

 culum. Histologically the tumors were malignant papil- 

 lary epitheliomas that invaded the corium and con 

 tained many multinucleate giant cells. 



Plehn, 1909: The abdomen of a goldfish was 

 greatly distended by a dilated urinary bladder, the 

 outlet of which was obstructed by a tumor. Histologic- 

 ally it was composed of neoplastic cells that tended to 

 form alveoli and had penetrated deeply into the sub- 

 jacent tissue. 



MA2ZARELU, 1910: A 4.5 x 3.5 cm. tumor arose 

 from the pavement epithelium of the mouth of a "Le 

 Nea" Chtmdrostotna soetta. The flattened epithelial cells 

 had large nuclei; some mucous cells were present. Local 

 liquefaction necrosis and cyst formation was observed 

 in the epithelial pegs. 



Beatti, 1916: Tumors were found on the lips of 2 

 croakers Pogonias chromis. On the upper lip of onr 

 there was a small cauliflower-like growth; another papil- 

 lomatous tumor was located on the forehead. The 

 stratified epithelium as well as the connective tissue of 

 the cutis were hyperplastic; the basement membrane 

 in most regions was intact, though at one point epithelial 

 pegs penetrated deei^y. In the second fish the lower 

 Up was the site of a firm, diffuse swelling. The histo 

 logic appearance of malignancy was more marked in 

 this case than in the former; the epithelial pegs in 



vadcd the subcutaneous tissue more deeply. The tumors 

 may be classified as papillary epitheliomas with early 

 but definite signs of invasion. 



JoH.s'STONE, 1924: In a whiting Merlangus mer- 

 Umgus, on the right side of the mandible and extending 

 a short distance into the mouth, was a 1 x 1 cm. tumor. 

 Histologically it was a typical epithelioma with ex- 

 tensive proliferation of epithelial pegs but an intact 

 basement membrane. 



Williams, 1929: The author reported a bilobed 

 growth which had spread over the anterior portion of 

 the lower jaw of a codfish PoUachius virens caught near 

 the coast of Iceland. It may have arisen in the mucous 

 cells which are abundant in the integument of fish. 

 Evans, of the Pathology Department in Liverpool, 

 thought that it corresponded to human epithelioma ade- 

 noides cysticum. 



PuENTE-DuA.NV, 1930: A periocular tumor was found 

 in the orbit of a small Cuban fresh water fish, the 

 biajaca Cichlasoma tctracanthus ; though the neoplasm 

 had produced exophthalmos, the overlying skin was 

 intact. Histologically, the epiderm was thickened, 

 epithelial pegs penetrated into the dermis. In some 

 areas these pegs fused with masses of clear, polyhedral 

 cells having small round nuclei. These cells were the 

 characteristic feature of the tumor; their origin was 

 uncertain. The growth was recorded as an epithelioma, 

 possibly arising on an inflammatory basis. 



ADENOCARCINOMA 



Malignant tumors of gland-cell origin are the pre- 

 dominant cancers in man. By contrast, but few 

 examples, 7 in all, have hitherto been reported in 

 fishes. This fact does not permit us to conclude that 

 this kind of cancer is uncommon in fishes; it may 

 mean that an adequate search has not yet been 

 made. This supp>osition is the more plausible because 

 most adenocarcinomas originate in the viscera, and 

 not on the body surface as do the epitheliomas. 



The tumors occurred in 6 different species (Table 

 5). All but one of the tumors were located within 

 the body cavity. As shown in the table, in 2 cases 

 the tumors had their origin in the kidney of eels 

 Anguilla anguilla; both neoplasms were relatively 

 large 7 x 3.5 cm., and both were invasive and destruc- 

 tive. A tumor in a red tai Pagrosomus major, arose 

 behind the right kidney, but had no direct connec- 

 tion with it. It was large, 9 x 3.5 cm., uniformly 



Tabu 5: ADCNocAiciNnuA 



Eel AngpOU anguiUa 

 Ed AnguiUa anguiUa 

 Codfish PoUachius bramdti 

 Coalfiih Theragra ekaUogramma 

 Red Tai Pagrosomus major 

 Pike Bsox lucius 

 Moray Mueaana hdana 



Site 

 Kidney 

 Kidney 



GlanduU digitifnrmis 

 Mouth & operculum 

 Body wall 

 Ovary 

 Palate 



Avthor 

 Schmey, 1911 

 Plehn. 1924 

 Takahashi. 1929 

 Takahashi, 1929 

 Takahashi, 1929 

 Haddow & Blake. 1933 

 Ladreyt, 1935 



