No. 5. 



Morns Multicaitlis. 



143 



sited its eog to hatch and drop to the frround, 

 and instinct directed it to find its way 

 throiio-h tlie surface of the ground to the 

 root of tiie tree ; and that those little worms 

 are the proonny of that winged insect what- 

 ever it inifrht be. W isiiing furtht>r discove- 

 ries, I sought a ])cach-tree which was on 

 the declinp, iiaving several worms in it, saw- 

 ed otTthat part of the root containing them, 

 placed the root in a pot with moist earth, 

 covered with paper, having pin holes made 

 in it for air. This was done in the spring. 

 J^ometime in Jnne following my hired man, 

 who had been privy to all my inquiries, 

 hailed me with assurances that he had taken 

 the peach fly, with his probe so fast in the 

 limb of a peach-tree that he caught him be 

 fore he could extricate himself. I immedi- 

 ately examined my pot, where the root had 

 been deposited, found two flies had come 

 out of the root but both had died, the eu 

 velope of the chrysalis lying by tliem; yet 

 in size, form, and color, they exactly resem- 

 bled the one brought by my tenant. There 

 could be no mistake about it, they were 

 identified as part of the same family ; the 

 color v.as similar to the common house-ily, 

 the part behind the wings more than twice 

 the length of the said fly. I then w-ent to 

 rny row of peacii-trees round my orchard, 

 and elsewhere, found them numerous, say 

 hundreds lighting on the small limbs, and 

 anon flying off again in constant motion, 

 evidently the same kind of insect ; but I 

 was surprised to find them in such numbers. 

 I then went to a variety of young trees, as 

 pear, apple, plumb, cherry, &c., but though 

 they abounded among the peach, not one 

 could be found on any of them ; this was 

 additional confirmation that my inquiries 

 had issued correctly. I therefore drew this 

 conclusion, that the egg is laid in the tender 

 bark and wood of the young peach-tree by 

 thoseflies — that it falls to the ground like the 

 egg or larvae of the locust, it found the root 

 of the tree through the surface of the ground 

 and soon made a lodgment in the bark and 

 gum near the ground, though with feeble 



flowers; it soon becomes of larger size and 

 ives on the bark and sap of the tree. 



Sam. Johnson. 

 Buckingham, 15ih, llihmo. 1838. 



The Farmer's Creed. 



Let this be held the farmer's creed — 

 For stock, seek out the ohoicest breed ; 

 In peace and plenty let them feed : 

 Your land sow with the best of seed ; 

 Let it not dung nor dressing need ; 

 Inclose, plough, reap, with care and speed, 

 And you will soon be rich indeed. 



Morus Multicaulis. 

 Translated from M. Henry Bourdon's 

 Notes upon the cultivation of the Mulberry 

 in the southern department of France, by 

 Kkndkrton >Smit», Esq. 



Read before the Philadelphia Society for 

 Promoting Agriculture, November 1838, 

 and published in the Farmers' Cabinet by 

 request of the Society. 



It is only a few years since they have 

 commenced the cultivation of the Philip- 

 pian called the Multicaulis in the south of 

 France. 



The propagation of this tree, which has 

 large and fine leaves, has met with great 

 opposition in the south, although they ac- 

 knowledge the immense advantages which 

 it presents by reason of the facility of pro- 

 ducing it from cuttings, the rapidity of its 

 development, and the beauty and excellence 

 of its foliage ; yet they have objected that its 

 leaves are very susceptible of being rent by 

 winds and of being struck by rust from fogs 

 or mists, that this tree is extremely sen- 

 sible to white frosts, and that its too forward 

 vegetation exposes it very much to injury 

 from late frosts. I have however seen in 

 the environs of Lyons, in Vivarais, and in 

 Provence, some very remarkable |)lanl;itiofis, 

 some of them new, and others already from 

 five to eight years old, and as a proof of its 

 facility of propagation I will site the cut- 

 tings made by M. Audibert, of Tarascon, in 

 the month of June, after the leaves were 

 gathered ; these cuttings, which generally 

 succeeded, were at the commencement of 

 October from two to three feet high. I have 

 seen in many localities beautiful standard 

 multicaulis trees giving fifteen to twenty 

 asid thirty kilograms* of leaves. At Viller- 

 angue there is one, planted fifteen years ago, 

 wliich ] was told produced this year forty 

 kilograms. This method of cultivating the 

 multicaulis by standards, always appeared 

 to me to be essentially contrary to the nature 

 of this tree, v.'hich seems to unite in the high- 

 est degree all the qualities necessary for its 

 cultivation from stumps in hedge rows or 

 copse, and perhaps the indifference of the 

 south in relation to the mulberry of the 

 Philippians, arises from the mistaken views 

 they entertain as regards its culture. 



May we not be permitted to attribute the 

 contradictory opinions which have been cir- 

 culated in regard to the capacities of the 

 tree, to the introduction of some of those 

 mulberries which M. Henon, director of 

 the departmental nursery of Lyons, distin- 

 guished in 1835, as false multicaulis mul- 

 berries, and which he says were more liable 



A Kil. is about 2 1-6 lb*. English avoirdupois. 



