No. 9. 



The Dairy. 



^11 



thn roof, exactly above tlie middle of the 

 buiidin<T, should be placed a wooden pipe of 

 a sufficient length to rise a foot or two ainne 

 the roof, to serve occasionally as a ventilator. 

 The top of this funnel should be covered, to 

 prevent rain from getting through it, and a 

 valve fitted to it, tliat by means of a string 

 could be opened or shut at pleasure. A win- 

 dow also siiould be made upon one side fur giv- 

 ing light, the structure of which will be best 

 underst<X)d from the section of this part of tho 

 building, wliich is represented at Fig. 2. F. 

 G. It is neces.sary to specify, however, that 

 this aperture should be closed by means of 

 two glazed frames, one on the outside at G, 

 and the other on the inside at F. I presume 

 it is hardly necessary to inform the reader, 

 that the use of this double sash, as well as 

 the great thickness of the wall, and of the 

 thatch upon the roof, as also of the buildings 

 at the end of it, are to render the tempera- 

 ture of tliis apartment as equal as possible at 

 all seasons of the year, by effectually cutting 

 it off from having any direct communication 

 with the external air. 



The apartment marked B, is intended to 

 serve as a repository for the utensils of the 

 dairy, and a place in which they may be 

 cleaned, and put in order, to be ready when 

 they are wanted. For this purpose ranges 

 of shelves may be placed all round the walls, 

 and tables and other conveniences placed 

 where necessary. Here the walls are thin- 

 ner than the other, and may be built wholly 

 of brick or stone; nor is there a necessity for 

 having the thatch here so thick laid on as in 

 the middle division. In one corner at H, is 

 placed a cauldron of a convenient size, propor- 

 tioned to the dairy, for warming water to 

 scald the vessels, over a close furnace, the 

 due of which terminates in a chimney car- 

 ried slanting over the door in the gable, 

 above which it rises upright, and there emits 

 the smoke. 



The other apartment, C, may be employed 

 as a kind of store-room, in which the cured 

 butter, and other products of the dairy, and 

 spare utensils, may be locked up, till it be- 

 comes convenient to transport them else- 

 where. 



[If cheese were the object of the dairy, 

 another additional building, very differently 

 constructed, would be wanted, which I do not 

 here specify.] 



The smaller apartments, R and S, are 

 merely cavities formed in the thickness of the 

 partition wall, that may be employed for any 

 use that shall be found convenient, the double 

 doors on these passages being intended merely 

 to cut off more effectually all communication 

 between the external air and the milk house, 

 when either the great heat or great cold of 

 that may render it necessary. The thatch 



above these small apartments ought to come 

 one foot lower within than in the milk-house, 

 the more effectually to bur all communication 

 of air from the outer apartments, at the place 

 where the couples are placed. When the air 

 is temperate, the door at T may in general be 

 left open to facilitate the entry to and from 

 the milk-hou.se on ordin^l^y occasions. All 

 the doors open as marked by the dotted lines. 



Through each of these doors, as well as 

 the outer doors of the apartments B and 'C, 

 ought to be made an aperture of about a foot 

 square, having a small door exactly fitted to 

 it, that can be opened and shut at pleasure. 

 Over the inside of each of these apertures 

 should be stretched a piece of fine gauze, cov- 

 ered with a fine netting of wire, so that when 

 the air was temperate, and the wind blowing 

 in a proper direction, by opening these little 

 doors, a draught of air would be carried 

 through the whole of these buildings that 

 would keep them sweet and dry, without ad- 

 mitting flies or other vermin. 



The whole of these apartments should be 

 neatly plaistered with lime on the inside 

 of the walls and ceiling. The apartment A 

 at least should also be paved with flat stones, 

 that should be raised six inches higher than 

 the surface of the ground without, having 

 slanting gutters readily to convey water or 

 any other liquid that might be accidentally 

 spilt there, — (but it is a slovenly dairy-maid 

 who slabbers her floor.) The walls all round 

 should be lined with shelves of a convenient 

 breadth, in ranges one above the other, on 

 which the dishes may be placed ; and in the 

 middle should stand a large table, marked by 

 the dotted lines on the plan, which if made 

 of stone will be found to be more cleanly and 

 convenient than any other material. Beneath 

 it a piece of the pavement, about a foot in 

 breadth, should be raised six inches higher all 

 round than the level of the floor, so as to form 

 a trough within it for holding water, the uses 

 of which will be afterwards specified. This 



sin may be emptied entirely at pleasure, 

 by opening a hole that allows the water to run 

 intf) the common gutters. 



The intention of all these contrivances, it 

 will easily appear, is merely to enable the at- 

 tentive owner of a dairy to keep his milk in 

 a proper degree of temperature, both during 

 the summer and the winter season, without 

 much trouble or expense to himself; as any 

 considerable variation in the degree of heat 

 tends greatly to derange his operations, and 

 to diminish the value of the products of the 

 dairy. If the heat be too great, the .milk sud- 

 denly coagulates, without admitting of any 

 separation of the cream, and it is so suddenly 

 rendered sour as greatly to mar every opera- 

 tion ; if, on the other hand, the milk bo kept 

 in too cold a temperature, tho cream separates 



