288 



Inoculation of Cheese — The Butter Dairy. 



Vol. III. 



Bpoiled child, — spoiled with too much nursing. 

 The litter about tiie tree will prevent the 

 racking by the winds, and tlie opening of the 

 ground to let the air to the roots, and will save 

 you the trouble of any hoeing or tilling for the 

 first year. No weeds will grow under this 

 litter — no grass — the two great obstacles to 

 the extension of the roots. Your soil will 

 thus be kept mellow, and porous, and moist. 



In autumn — before any snow falls, you must 

 remove all the litter, that has not become rot- 

 ten, to a distance from the trees. You will 

 thus give some offence to mice that are al- 

 ways fond of making their bed, like politi- 

 cians, close to some towering object that may 

 afford them future support. If your cats have 

 done their duty and killed off their fresh meat 

 stock in due time, you have nothing further to 

 do the first season. But if your cats have 

 been negligent and got their rations out of 

 your commissariat rather than glean them 

 abroad in honorable services in the field, you 

 must go out as soon as the first snow has fallen 

 and tread it down close about the roots of your 

 trees. Your field mice must now seek some 

 other habitation, in case they had commenced 

 building as squatters on your soil, and you need 

 be at no further trouble through the winter. 

 Now your trees are well set. They have not 

 only put out the leaf, but their limbs have 

 extended — if you saw to the work yourself 

 — from half a foot to a foot each way. — 

 They will need but very little trimming this 

 second season, if you trimmed them a little 

 on setting them. They must have top. — 

 Their leaves are their lungs, and a good pro- 

 portion of leaves are indicative of good health, 

 as good lungs are in animals. What will you 

 do with your trees this second summer? Will 

 you suffer the grass and weeds to draw away 

 all moisture from the neighborhood of the 

 roots and occupy the space intended for them ? 

 We trust not. Keep your land in tillage 

 three or four years at the least. You may 

 raise exhausting crops if you will apply ma- 

 nure. You may raise beans or drilled turneps 

 without manuring this season — you may sow 

 turneps broadcast as late as the first of July 

 without injury to the trees. In fine you may 

 plant almost any thing among your trees 

 and they will grow quite as fast as they should 

 grow, provided always you keep up good til- 

 lage. 



On the first of October, in the fourth year, 

 we will call on you — in case you took your 

 trees from our nursery— and help you pick 

 half a dozen barrels of winter apples from an 

 acre of trees. If this happens not to be a 

 bearing year we shall wait one year longer. 

 and then give you a friendly call and .see thai 

 you have appointed some two lei>ged animal 

 to trim in preference to such as sometimes, 

 fcr want of proper instruments, cut a little too 



close, and do not leave the body quite so 

 smooth as it might be left with a knife. — Bos- 

 Ion Cultivator. 



For the Farmers' Cabinet. 



Inoculation of Cheese. 



The following was communicated by John Robison, 

 Esq., Secretary of the Koyal Society of Edinburg, 

 to the Highland Society of Scotland, from whose 

 transactions it is transcribed for the Cabinet. 



If it be required to communicate to a new 

 cheese the flavor and appearance of an old 

 one, it may be done by the insertion in the 

 new cheese of portions of the old one con- 

 taining blue mould. The little scoop which 

 is used in taking samples of cheese, is a ready 

 means of performing the operation, by inter- 

 changing ten or a dozen of the rolls which it 

 extracts, and placing them so as to dissemi- 

 nate the germ of the blue mould all over the 

 cheese. 



A new cheese treated in this way, and well 

 covered up from the air for a few weeks, be- 

 comes thoroughly impregnated with the 

 mould, and generally with a flavor hardly to 

 be distinguished from the old one. 



In selecting cheeses for this operation, I 

 have chosen them dry, and free from any un- 

 pleasant taste ; and I have never failed in ob- 

 taining a good result, although sometimes, 

 when the old cheese had decayed matter 

 mixed with the blue mould, the flavor and 

 appearance of the inoculated cheese differed 

 a good deal from that of the parent one. 



I have sometimes treated half a Lanark- 

 shire cheese in this way, and have left the 

 other half in its natural state; and have been 

 much amused with the remarks of n/y friends 

 on the striking superiority of the English over 

 the Scots one. 



For the Farmers' Cabinet. 



The Butter Dairy. 



The temperature of about 52°, which ap- 

 pears to be the mean temperature of good 

 spring water, is probably the most appropriate 

 for obtaining the greatest quantity of cream 

 from milk. Hence, springs with houses over 

 them for the security of the milk, and as much 

 as possible to preserve the temperature of the 

 water unchanged by the influence of the at- 

 mosphere. The object of keeping milk at a 

 low temperature is to prevent the acetous fer- 

 mentation taking place in the whey portion 

 of the milk, and the production of acetous acid 

 which would produce the coagulation of the 

 curd, and thereby prevent the cream from ris- 

 ing to the surface, fiir although cream is of 

 an oily nature, and does not mix with a strong 

 affinity for the other components of the milk, 

 and although specifically lighter it requires 

 considerable time to produce the effect. The 



