312 On the Reciprocal Injluence of the Slock and its Graft. Vol. 111. 



that upon the crab stock will produce fruit so 

 Kourand ill tasted, in compari.-on to the fruit 

 of the other, that if a person should taste 

 them both in the dark, he could not imagine 

 them to be the same fruit." 



" I have aI.-~o," he ray?, " seen very ifreat 

 difference between the fruit of these trees, 

 when one was grafted upon a pnradise, and 

 the other upon a codlin stock ; for thou;,^h the 

 juices were so far chanpcd by passing tlirough 

 the buds and pores of nonpareil branches, as 

 to produce fruit alike in sliapp,yettheir tastes 

 were different, and soniewiiat resembled the 

 taste of that fruit which the stocks would 

 have naturally produced. The juices of the 

 crab and codlin are known to be very acid, 

 but the juice of the natural fruit of the para- 

 dise is sweet."* He adds, "as most kinds of 

 apricots when fully ripe, are rather too sweet 

 and mealy, so when they are budded upon 

 any kind of plum stocks which have that sort 

 of juice, their fruit becomes more mealy and 

 sweet than those which were budded upon 

 stocks, whose juices were more acid." 



5. Mr. Thomas A. Knight, President of 

 the Horticultural Society of London, in a pa- 

 per "on the effects of different kinds of graft- 

 ing"! observes, that "the form and habit which 

 a peach tree of any given variety is disposed 

 to assume, he has found to be very much influ- 

 enced by the kind of stock upon which it is 

 budded: if upon a plum or apricot stock, its 

 stem will increase in size considerably as its 

 base approaches the stock, and it will emit 

 many lateral shoots : when on the contrary a 

 peach is budded upon the stock of a cultiva- 

 ted variety of its own species, the slock and 

 the budded stem remain very nearly of the 

 same size, as well above as below the point 

 of their junction. No obstacle is presented 

 to the ascent or descent of the sap, which 

 appears to ascend more abundantly to the 

 summit of the tree." He also gives the fol- 

 lowing striking fact to demonstrate the influ- 

 ence of the stock upon the graft inserted in it. 

 The " Moor Park Apricot tree in his garden, 

 as in many others, becomes in a few years 

 diseased and debilitated, and generally ex- 

 hibits in spaces near the head of its stock, 

 lifeless alburnum beneath a rough bark. — 

 Sixteen years ago a single plant of this va- 

 riety was obtained by grafting upon an apri- 

 cot stock, and the bark of this tree still re- 

 tains a smooth and polished surface, and the 

 whole tree presents a degree of health and 

 vigor so different from any other tree of tlie 

 Fame kind in his garden, that ho has found it 

 difficult to convince gardeners who have seen 

 it, of its specific identity."! 



* Treatise on Fruit Trees, 3d Edition, p. 46, Loudon, 



17C8. 



t Vol. ii. p. mo. 



\ London Iloniculiural Tranpactiuns, vol. ii. p. 20. 



6. Mr. TiioM.\s ToRERON, gardener to the 

 Countess of Bridgewater, says, that "choice 

 sortu of pears by being grafted upon the quince, 

 come several years sooner into bearing, and 

 produce much better crops, than those upon 

 the common, or free stock. He adds that 

 "the fruit will be in no respect inferior, and 

 that he has had opportunities of seeing the 

 superiority of the quince stock in three differ- 

 ent counties in England."* 



7. Among the extracts given by Sir Joseph 

 B.A.NKS. from French authors, in the appendix 

 to the 1st volume of tlie Transactions of the 

 London Horticultural Society, it is stated that 

 "the Crassane pear may be improved, and all 

 its harshness destroyed by grafting upon the 

 Doyenne: and that the Reine Claude plum is 

 much improved, by being grafled upon an 

 apricot or peach stock," 



8. Bfadi.ey says, that " since the Jordan 

 almond had been grafted on plum stocks in 

 England, they bore very well, whereas, in 

 the time of R.\y, they seldom produced ripe 

 fruit. Canary almonds, grafted on the plum, 

 succeed well ; while the seedlings of the same 

 species, of five or six years' growth, appear 

 all nipped and shrivelled."! 



9. The " Spitzenburg apple," which origi- 

 nated near Albany, in the State of New York, 

 is one of the finest apples of the United States. 

 When I was in New York a few years since, 

 I was informed, that the flavor of this apple 

 is much influenced by the apple stock upon 

 which it is grafled. 



10. I have in some British publication read 

 the fact, that a shaddock ingrafted on a sweet 

 orange stock, will become sweet, and that the 

 orange rrrattcd upon the pomegranate at Mal- 

 ta, o-ave fruit which was red inside. I regret 

 that I am not able to give my authorities for 

 these two last facts. 1 find them in my com- 

 mon-place book, and would not have putthera 

 there, had 1 not been well persuaded in my 

 mind at the time, of the hiirh credit due to 

 the source whence I obtained them. 



11. Dr. Darwin says, "it is not certainly 

 known whether the ingrafted scion gives, or 

 takes any property to, or from the tree (stork) 

 which receives if, except that it acquires 

 noiirifhinciitfrnm if." He afterwards say?, 

 " there are no instances recorded, where a 

 comiminication of juices from th« oraft to the 

 stock, or from the stock to the oraft, has va- 

 ried tiie flavor, i>r the form of thi> llowors, or 

 fruitsof eitl-'-rof them. Forfhoiigh thesame 

 veget;ible blood pnsses along both the upper 

 and lower part of the caudex of the new sci- 

 on, yet the molecules secreted from this blood 

 are selected or formed by the different glands 



* I.ondoM Horticiilturnl Transactions, vol. vii. p. 213 

 fOn Gardening, vol. ii. p. 135. 



