1336.] =_ 



should be dikued with water, as, when undiluted, 

 it contains too much aniural matter to form a pro- 

 per tluid nutriment for absorption by the roots of 

 pKiuts.' This theory, it will however be recollect- 

 ed, contradicts both "the Flemish and the Chinese 

 practice, which fiivors a protracted degree of ler- 

 nientaiion; but lie admits thai 'putrid urine 

 abounds in ammoniacal salts; and, though less 

 active than fresli urine, that it is a very powerfull 

 manure.'* It caimot, nideed, be doubted that, m 

 whatever state it may be ibuiid the most efliictual, 

 it is at least well worthy of attention, andvvc re- 

 commend it stron<rly to the consideration of all ex- 

 perimental farmers. 



FARMERS' REGISTER. 



23 



Translated for the Fanner's Ri'gist-.-, finm t!ic Jlmiales d^ V.l'i- 

 ricuUure I'Vancahc. 



ARTKSIAK, OU BORED WELLS. 



Extract of a letter from M. Miilot, Mucliankal 

 Engineer, to Count He ricart de Thary. 



"I have now, sir, to inform you of a boring 

 ■which I have just made at the Count Desbas- 

 sayns de Richemont's, at Cangey-sur-Cher, near 

 Tours, department of Indre-et-Loire. My labors 

 commenced on the 14th of June. In twenty one 

 working davs we sunk 210 feet in the chrdk, that 

 is 10 feet a day on an averagi-. At this depth we 

 Ibund a fir^t spring of water which gave 600 

 litres! in a nnnute, "on a level with the surliice of 

 the soil. We continued the boring below the 

 chalk into the sand and green sandstone and at 

 37-5 tieet we reached a second source, which gave 

 1,000 litres of water in a minute. Since then the 

 Count de Richemont has written me that the bo- 

 ring having been carried to 390 feet in the clays 

 below the Sandstone and green sands, the auger 

 has caused a third stream of water to spout ibrth 

 wliich gives 2,500 litres in a minute. And fi- 

 nally, my foreman writes me that this boring is 

 no longer an artesian well, but a torrent which 

 vomils^tbrlh water and sand, and that the quan- 

 tity may be estimated at more thau 4,000 litres 

 in a minute.'" 



What a result! a well of 400 feet in a month, 

 and 4,000 litres of wa'er in a minute! after a 

 drought which had burnt up every thing, con- 

 sumed every thing, exhausted, dried up all the 

 springs, brooks, wells, &c. 1 had announced to 

 our borers that when they should have perfora- 

 ted the mass of ch.dk, "they would find in the 

 clays below the sand and sand stone abundant 

 sheets of water, and that it would even be essen- 

 tial to take precautions against thciv rising. 

 The boring which has just beeji made at the Count 

 Desbassayns de Richemont's justifies my anti- 

 cipations, and proves to us the possii)ility of ob- 

 taining water in this way on our extensive plains 

 of chalk, which now offer only a hopeless aridity 

 while they mi^ht be w^atered and converted into 

 beautiful artificial meadows. 



* Elements of Agricultural Chemistrj', 4to., p. 157. 



fMore than 830 English g-illons.— Ed. Farji. 

 Reg. 



From Low's Elements of Practionl Agriculture. 



THE PROCESS OF SUMIMER FALLOWING, Ilf 

 ERI'i'AlK. 



The fallowing of land consists of a course of 

 tillage continued for a certain time. When it is 

 continued for an entire season, the process is term- 

 ed the summer-fallow. 



A course of tillage during only a part ofthe 

 season is adopted in the case of preparing land for 

 such crojis as the turnip, the cabbage, the potato, 

 which are thence fi-equentiy termed fcUlnw-crops. 

 This preparation consists of a series of plough- 

 iugs, harrowings, and other operations, continued 

 until the land is cleaned and otherwise fitted for 

 the crop to be cultivated. 



The extension of the culture of fallow-crops has 

 greatly lessened the necessity of the summer-fal- 

 low; for the ground receiving a good preparation 

 for this class of crops, and they, from the wide in- 

 tervals at vvh.ichthej- are cultivated, admitting of 

 an elTicicnt tillage during their growth, the farmer 

 is more enabled to dispense with the necessity of 

 devoting an entire year to the tillage of his 

 land. 



It is chiefly on the stiffer clays that tlie summer- 

 fiillow may be held to be an essential branch of 

 iivrm inanageraent in this country. These are 

 tilled with greater difficulty than the lighter soils, 

 and do not always admit of the cultivation of 

 those particular classes of plants as the turnip, 

 which are suited to the lighter soils, and which 

 render upon them an entire summer fallow unne- 

 cessary. A further reason exisTs for the adojition 

 ol' the summer-fallow on the stifler clays, namely, 

 that the most valuable of their productions is 

 wheat, for which the summer-fallow aflbrds the 

 best preparation. The manner of performing this 

 process, theref()re, merits the serious attention of 

 farmers in this country. 



Whatever be the nature of tho soil to be fal- 

 lowed, the first ploughing is in all cases to be 

 given in autumn, or before winter, so that the soil 

 may receive theinfiuence of the winter frosts, and 

 the growth of weeds be checked; for certain 

 weeds will grow during the months of autumn, 

 and partially in winter and in early spring; but by 

 inverting the surface, and exposing the roots of 

 those plants, and the under part of the sod, to the 

 fi-Qst, the vegetation is checked until the process 

 of ploughing can be resumed in the fb!lov/ing 

 spring. 



In all cases the first ploughing should be as deep 

 as the plough can conveniently be made to go. A 

 good plough with a pair of horses can easily 

 jilough from eight to nine inches deep, and this is 

 in most cases an efficient tillage. Eut should the 

 nature of the soil render it necessary, an addition- 

 al force of draught must be employed, so that the 

 requisite depth of furrow may be given. Thus, 

 in some of the marly and tenacious soils of Eng- 

 land, four horses may be occasionally required to 

 give sufficient depth to the first ploughing of ial- 

 low. Three horses may be also used; these, 

 with a good plough, forming an efficient team, 

 which may be managed by one ploughman. 



With respect to the manner of laying the ridges, 

 that kind of plouirhing must be adopted which is 

 calculated to keep the land dry during the months 

 of winter, this being an essential point of prac- 



