26 



FARMERS' REGISTER. 



[No. 1 



been spread, so that it may be decomposed and 

 mixed with the soil. 



These details have an especial reference to the 

 stiffer soils, which are those on which ihe summer- 

 tallow is <renerally practised. When Ihe lighter 

 soils are to be fallowed, the process of cleaning is 

 more easy, and there is less hazard of serious in- 

 terruption from the stale of the weather. The 

 only variation with regard to the lighter soils that 

 need be referred to, is^in the first sparing-plough- 

 ing. In the case ot such soils, this ploughing 

 may be given at once across, and the process of 

 harrowing and cleaning then commenced. This 

 is precisely the management puisued in the case 

 of turnips and similar fallow-crops; so that, when 

 the learner comprehends the operations of the 

 sunmier-fidlow thus far, he is actjuainted with the 

 manner of prej)aring the land lor an extensive 

 and important class of plants. 



In the preceding detail the ordinary operations 

 of the summer-fallow have been described, but 

 the nature of the seasons, the state of the land, 

 the prevailing weeds to be eradicated, and other 

 circumstances, produce variations in the course of 

 management, which, however, it is not necessary 

 here to point out. They are little subject to rule, 

 but are best determined by the judgment of the 

 iarmer, as the cases themselves arise. A more 

 important purpose is served to the student of agri- 

 culture by pomting out to him the manner of ma- 

 naging the sunmier-fallow upon approved prmci- 

 ple^. Knowing this, a little experience will soon 

 show him how to adopt those variations of prac- 

 tice which the state of the season and other cu- 

 cumstances may render expedient. 



The process of the suminer-fdlow, conducted 

 as it should be, enables us to elTect the tillage of 

 clay-lands in a manner calculated to eradicate 

 weeds, and fit the land tor bearing a lengthened 

 rotation of crops. 



After a complete summer-fallow, the land is 

 seen to be in the best order which circumstances 

 will allow. It acquires that mellowness, indicative 

 of fertility, so familiar to the eye of the farmer, yet 

 60 difficult to be described. It is fi'equently ob- 

 served by farmers, that clay-lands in this climate 

 get into an adhesive, and, as h is termed, a sour 

 state, by the long repetiiion of crops. The giving 

 them from time to time the mellowing influence 

 of a summer-fallow, during which weeds may be 

 extirpated, and the manures a|)plied in the most 

 beneficial manner, is found to have the best effects 

 in restoring the fertility of the soil and fining it to 

 yield an increased produce in succeeding years. 

 One advantage, too of the sumuier-fiillow, not to 

 be disregarded, is, that it divides the labor of til- 

 ling a iixrm more regularly throughout the sea- 

 son. 



From tlic (Boston) Hoiticult,ui;il Ucgiftcr. 

 ON THU ROSE. 



Mi'.ch has been written both in poetry and prose 

 on this subject, yet it remains not only inexhausti- 

 ble, but interesting; and what is still to be written 

 is almost sure tg find readers. It is true the plant 

 is in itself" almost inexhaustible, as there are two 

 hundred and five known and described distinct bo- 

 tanical varieties, and nearly two Ihousand named 

 sorts raised from seed: its cultivation comprises al- 



most every refinement in horticulture, as it is pro- 

 pagated by most known methods of increasing 

 plantS; by seed, cuttings, layers, suckers, and bud- 

 ding. New and beautiltjl varieties are constantly 

 produced from seed. Some species are hardy, 

 others tender; some are difBcult of culiivation, 

 while the chief part requiie little care, and are 

 therefore universally known and dispersed; the 

 early monthly roses usher in the s|)ring; during 

 the summer their beauties are spread in profusion 

 throughout the garden, and the Noisette with 

 many others still linger and adorn the autumn, 

 until the stern hand of fi'ost arrests each vegeta- 

 ble form: even then they yield their charms to the 

 ingenious hand of luxury, and ornament the green- 

 house. 



Their delights arc not very evanescent; equally 

 conspicuous in bud, in full perfection, and in fi'uit; 

 add to these their unequalled fi-agrance, the chaste 

 brilliancy of their tints, the wholesome medical 

 properties of the whole rosaceous tribe, and we 

 must cease to wonder at the general interest exci- 

 ted them, or that a unanimous voice has proclaimed 

 the rose to be the queen of flowers, and that afl 

 hitherto written, said or sung in its praise, is re- 

 ceived with attention by those who pay the hom- 

 age justly due to the most beautiful of the vegeta- 

 ble creation. 



Tliere is something of passion mingled whh our 

 sentiments for the rose; we admire the beauty, or 

 are struck with the magnificence or singular forms 

 of other blossoms; but when we view the deli- 

 cate, tender tints of the expanding bud, and enjoy 

 the dilicious fragrance of the full blown flower, 

 we can scarcely help libeling that we love the 

 rose. 



Botanists have divided the tribe of the roses 

 into eleven sections. 



1. Simplicifolia. — Simple-leaved, without sti- 

 pules, (a leafy appendage at the base of the leaf 

 or leal-stalk,) the berry bristly. Of this there is 

 only one sp^ecies, a native of Persia, commonly 

 called the berberry-leaved rose; this will explain 

 what is meant by simple-leaved. 



2. Feroces. — Fierce — from the very numerous 

 thornc which cover the branches. Of this there 

 are three species, one from Japan and two from 

 Kamschatka; one of these latter, we have seen in 

 gardens in this vicinity. 



3. Bracteaim. — With bracfeas, (small leaves 

 on the flow.er-stalk under the calyx.) Of this 

 there are lour varieties, amongst which are the 

 well known R. microphylla and the Macartney 

 rose; the foliage of these is shining and very beau- 

 tiiial; the fiint woolly. 



4 OinnamonecB. — Character agreeing with the 

 Cinnamon rose. Of this ihereare twenty-one vari- 

 eties, including liosa lucida, which ornaments the 

 swamps near Boston with its flowers and dark 

 fruit, and the Cinnamon rose, so common near 

 cultivated grounds in this vicinity. 



5. Pimpinellifiilia. — From the resemblance of 

 the leaves to those of the pimpernel or anatrallis. 

 To this section of forty-two varieties, belong the 

 yellow American rose, Ji. luiescens, of Pursh, 

 the sul|)hur-colored rose, the celebrated Scotch 

 rose, li. spinos)ssi7na, of which above one hun- 

 dred and seventy seedlings are named in cat- 

 alogues, /?. stricta, a native of New England, 

 ond probably several others, which have been of 

 late years discovered in Kentucky and in other 



