1S36.] 



FARMERS' REGISTER. 



247 



and five, more or less; and in many cases, this soft 

 spongy enlargement, descends to a level with the 

 fore teeth, yet upon examining it, there will not be 

 found any marks of tenderness or inflammation 

 indicating disease; and if lelt to the operations of 

 nature will disappear, and the horse will have a 

 sound and healthy mouth. Not to speak of the 

 danger of bleeding the horse too Ireely, by open- 

 ing the palatine artery, the manner of performing 

 the operation, is shocking to the feelings of hu- 

 manity, as well as painful to the animal. It is un- 

 called lor, and must be considered a j)iece of wan- 

 ton cruelty. 



From the Frcdoiiia Courier. 

 FREXCIl IIAY. 



Many of our readers, at least, will be surprised 

 to learn that hay Irom France has been imported 

 into this country. A cargo lately arrived at 

 Charleston, (S. C.) and sold" for .«jl 62 per hun- 

 dred. A cargo of American hay, which arrived 

 about the same time, from Portland, (Me.) sold 

 lor ^2 per hundred. 



From the New England Farmer. 

 BEET ROOT SUGAR. 



It is stated in papers in the northern parts of 

 France that large orders have arrived Irom the 

 United States lor supplies of beet root sugar. 



FACTS AND ESTIMATES RESPECTING BEET 

 SUGAR. 



To the Editor of the Farmers' Register. 



Columbia, S. C, July 1, 1836. 



In the February No., 1836, of the Journal cles 

 Connaissances Usuelles, for which I subscribe with 

 much satisfaction, I find an analysis of a treatise 

 on Beet Sugar, by M. Mathieu Dombasle, 1836, 

 chez Hazard a Paris, 1836, prix 1 1-2 franc, 2nd 

 edition. 



The facts, in brief, are these : 



1000 kiliogrammes of beet root, will yield, to a 

 careful manufacturer, 6 per cent of good merchant- 

 able brown sugar, or 60 kiliogrammes: which can 

 be refined into excellent loaf sugar by the usual 

 process. 



1000 kiliogrammes of beets can be purchased by 

 the manufacturer for 16 francs. 



By careful and accurate analysis,, 10 per cent of 

 such sugar can be extracted from beets; but six 

 per cent is the usual quautity, and improvements 

 are contemplated that may produce 8 per cent. 



The expense of manufacturing 1000 kiliogram- 

 mes of sugar from beet root, is calculated at 12 

 francs. 



The residue is worth 3 or 4 francs as food for 

 cattle. 



Put this into English. 



A kiliogramme is 2 1-5 lbs. averdupois: 1000 

 kiliogrammes will amount to 2200 lbs. : and 60 

 kiliogrammes to 132 lbs. averdupois. 



A franc, in merchants' accounts, here in Ameri- 

 ca, is ctdculated at 20 cents, though hardly worth 

 19. 



A sous is the 20lh part of a franc, or one cent- 

 or one halfpenny English. The cost of beet root 

 and of manipulation lor 132 lbs. of brown suo-ar 

 will be 28 francs: from which, deduct s'^lbr 

 the residue, and there will remain 25 Irancs, or 500 

 cents, the price at which 132 ibs. of sugar can be 

 manulactured, not quite 4 cents per lb. 



The French reviewer of the book, calculates 

 the expense at 5 sous per lb. French, which is 

 either 7561 grains English to the lb., or 7717 

 grains, for both these numbers are found on good 

 authority. The latter I take from Kelly's Cam- 

 bist. The English lb. averdupois is 7000 grains ; 

 hence, there is but little variance between my cal- 

 culation and that of the French author. 



I con(l3ss I was astounded at these facts. Sugar 

 from beets at 5 cents per 112 lbs., when cane suo-ar 

 is nearly three times the price to the consuraerin 

 this country. 



As to the value of the beets. I think we could 

 afford them as cheap here. I am sure they could 

 .be raised for less in the confines of New York 

 and Pennsylvania, where they grow with very 

 great luxuriance. 



I lived some years a mile and a half Jrom Alt- 

 ringham in Cheshire, (England.) At Altringham, 

 (a sand hill,) they grovv carrots thus. They ma- 

 nure at the rate oi' 10 lbs. sterling per acre, every 

 3 or 4 years, purchasing horse manure at 4s. 6d. 

 per three horse load at ]\Ianchester. They haul the 

 dung ten miles. They plough with 4 horses as 

 deep as possible. They sow their carrot seed by 

 rubbing together one-third carrot seed, and two- 

 thirds sand, broadcast. They hoe with a ten- 

 inch hoe, leaving the roots' about a foot apart. 

 They get from 12 to 16 tons per acre. Arthur 

 Young somewhere talks of 19 tons of carrots per 

 acre. I used to buy them laid down at my door at 

 4s. 2d. per 250 lbs. weight, not washed. I fed my 

 horses chiefly with carrots, when they were in sea- 

 son. 



Pray think a little on these facts. Has not every 

 larmer on rich, light land, a sugar plantation at 

 his door ? 



THOMAS COOPER, M. D. 



For the Farmers' Register. 

 NOTICES OF THE SEASONS IN OLDEN TIMES. 



The extraordinary winter which has not long 

 since left us, has caused me to examine into the 

 slate of the seasons and weather at the earliest pe- 

 riods of our histor)'. It has long been the opinion 

 of the writer, from facts gathered from the diffe- 

 rent histories of the country, that the common idea 

 about a permanent change of our climate from 

 cold to a warmer temperature, is a mistaken one. 

 I will not undertake to say, that the clearing up of 

 the woodlands of the country, and the draining of 

 immense swamps and marshes, have no effect in 

 the average temperature. But it seems to me, 

 that proof is wanted to substantiate such a posi- 

 tion. It is probable, that no one doubts, that the 

 climate is improved in health by the clearing and 

 draining of the country. Until within five or six 

 years, very fiiw, it seemed to me, doubted that the 

 climate of our country was moderating, and had 

 been gradually moderating in temperature, from 

 the first settlement of the country. Is this sol I do 



