n 



THE GENESEE FARMER. 



At the close nl' the vohime, in summmg up under 

 tJie heail, " What has been learned," we find, 

 among otJier deductions, the following: 



" .As a ifciicral rulo, thoro is not ranch difference in 

 thi> hanliiuss of the diU'eri'iit varieties of fruits, cspeci- 

 allv of ]ieeche.s and sweet cherries; and in regard to 

 ai)I)les, the diir.-reiice is nuieh less tliau was generally 

 5ui)iiosed ; as many of those reported as tender in one 

 locality, or by one writer, are classed as hardy by 

 otliers. The principal exceptions seem to be in refer- 

 ence to the IJeluiout, Rhode Island Greening, E. Spitzen- 

 berg, and Roxl)nry llusset, which are reported as most 

 g-;nerally injured by the winter. 



" The ellect of the previous crop had no perceptible 

 influence in rendering the tree liable to injury by the 

 winU'r ; but more was dependent on the condition of 

 the wood as to ripeness— those trees which, from ricli- 

 ness and moisture of soil, made a late and luxuriant 

 growth the sea.son previous, were most injured by the 

 winter. For this and otlier reasons, elevated or hilly 

 lands are found most favorable for apples, as well as 

 peaches ajid cherries. 



'' From the reports of twenty-five northern counties, 

 to the State Board of Agriculture, giving answers to 

 the question, ' Which are considered the best sis winter 

 apples in your County ?' the vote stands as follows : 



R. I. Greening 20 



Rambo 18 



E. Spitzenberg 18 



Roxbury Russet 16 



Baldwin 13 



Y. Bellliower H 



The next in order were Belmont, G. Russet, Canada 

 iced, and Newtown Pippin, from six to ten votes each." 



PLAtrriNG DWAEF PEAR TREES. 



Eds. Gen'esee Farmeh.— As I am intending to 

 plant a large number of Dwarf Pear trees tliis spriri"- 

 I wish if possible to obtain definite and reliable in- 

 formation about the deptli of planting them. There 

 seems to be some diversity of opinion, among prac- 

 tical cultivators, on tJiis point — one class recom- 

 mending planting the tree so as to have the line of 

 union of the quince and pear just even with the 

 surface of the ground, and the other to have the 

 union several iuclies below the surface, so t]u\t the 

 pear may throw out roots and become indei)endent 

 of the qumce stock. If this is the result of deep 

 planting, the practice seems to me to be desirable 

 as the tree will become more permanent o-i-ow to a 

 greater size, and i)erhaps live longer. I know that 

 It IS thought by some that these qualities are not de- 

 sirable— tliat the object of cultivating on the quince 

 stock IS to dwarf the tree, and thus enable us to 

 have a number of trees of different varieties in a 

 small space, and to make them manageable to prune 

 and to admit of easily gathering the fruit. But bv 

 deep panting we have all the advantage of the 

 dwarf tree in carhj bearing, and for several years 

 that of do^e^ planting; and if the tree throws out 

 roots from Itself, and grows to a greater size, we 

 «in well afford to cut out every other one, or more 

 aiid then gam much by the change of conditions: 

 >ViU planting the quince stock deep, in good soil i„ 

 any way injure it? I have heard that if planted 

 deei^ hey would soon die; but I am inclined to 

 think th-s wdl only occur in wet, cold soils, where 

 of course deep planting should not be practised ; but 

 If the soil i.s light, and in good condition, from ^ha 

 I know of the nature of the quince stock I am in 



whole of it";' 'If^'Y'''''^''^ outVLrthe 

 wJiolo of Its length, and not be injured bj a depth 



of a foot, or even more, in a good dry soil. 1 

 way that dwarf trees are propagated in the nura 

 ies, by working the stocks two or three inches abo 

 the surface of the ground, does not require them 

 be planted much over a foot in deptli to have t 

 pear stock three or four inches below the surfai 

 If the effects mentioned above, follow deep plantii 

 the question how deep shall dwarf pear trees 

 planted, is one of great importance when so maj 

 are engaged at the present time in starting pe 

 orchards. If enough is known about this subje< 

 I hope the information may be disseminated, ai 

 this point satisfactorily decided, a. ii. i. 



Orleans Co., iV. V. 



THE WHITE POPLAR OR ABELE TREE. 



There is no question better deserving the atte 

 tion of horticulturists, in many sections of t 

 United States and Canada, than "How can t 

 best provide shelter for fruit trees?" , The influea 

 of a belt of trees, of a hill, or even of a tight boai 

 fence, in breakmg off cold winds, and amelioratiii 

 the severity of our winter and spring frosts, 

 becoming better understood; and the day is m 

 far distant when, by means of artificial shelter, tl 

 tenderer kinds of fruit trees will be successful) 

 raised in sections where their cultivation is no> 

 attended -i.ith great difiiculty, and where the ben 

 managed orchards produce such precarious cron 

 as to lead many to give up all hope of obtainim 

 adequate compensation for their labors. 



There is perhaps no tree better adapted M 



planting in belts on the north and northwest sidei 



of orchards, for the purpose of breaking the sever 



ity of these cutting winds, than the White o; 



Silver-Leaved Poplar, It grows with astonishing 



rapidity ; and from its habit of throwing up suck 



ers, it soon forms a dense mass of undergrowth. 



which makes a most admirable screen. It is stated 



in the Dictionnaire des Eaux et Forcts, tliat 8 



tree planted in a field, and surrounded by a fence 



at twenty-five feet distant from it on every side, 



formed by its suckers, in twenty years, a circular 



clump of wood fifty feet in diameter; and that 



consequently thirty or forty trees would cover an 



acre with a thick wood in the same length of time. 



This habit of throwing up suckers is an objection 



to the White Poplar, when planted in grounds for 



ornamental purposes, but it is a decided advantage 



in forming a screen. When once introduced into 



woods, especially where the soil is moist and loamy, 



it forms a perpetual succession of young treea, 



however frequently these may be cut down. Th« 



stools, however, decay after they have borne thre« 



or four crops of poles. 



As a proof of the rapidity of the growth of th«'' 

 Abele tree, Etelto mentions one of these trees at 



