THE GENESEE FARMER. 



221 



my other doings, that my determinations will be 

 carried out, and in case one should be so unfortu- 

 nate as to be found guilty, that he will be treated 

 according to the penalty of the law. I contrive to 

 have it generally understood by the community, 

 that I am prepared with both pistols and a good 

 musket well charged, and make it a duty of my 

 own to walk quietly, at irregular hours of night, 

 into the orchard or fruit-garden, with the intention 

 of freely nsing said arms if an opportunity presents 

 itself; and in two instances I had the pleasure of 

 doing so, — since which time I have had no more 

 fruit stolen, or been annoyed by any such intruders. 

 I have four thousand peach trees in bearing con- 

 dition, besides apples, pears, and other fruit — all of 

 which are exposed to being stolen, but my firmness 

 in carrying out my designs has been a preventive 

 against having my fruit stolen or disturbed by any 

 such persons as have a disposition to take that 

 which is not their own. At the ripening of my 

 first crop of fruit, being somewhat annoyed, I de- 

 termined to plant a complete Osage Orange fence 

 around my fruit grounds, as a protection as well as 

 a fence ; but I am now happy that an occasional 

 walk around the premises, at different hours of the 

 night, using without hesitation good fire-arms, is a 

 safer preventive against thieves. gieard. 



TRANSPLANTING TREES. 



Tms business is entitled to much more care than 

 is given it by operators in general. "With many, 

 the operation is performed in so hasty a manner, 

 and with so little regard to the habits of the tree, 

 that success would be almost a miracle. Then, 

 again, the many are anxious to set a tree as nearly 

 grown as circumstances will in any way admit — a 

 practice both absurd and dangerous. 



A very few simple rules are all that are necessary 

 to insure success. And first, preparation and adapt- 

 ation of the soil are of primary importance. Trees, 

 both forest and fruit, are usually taken from a soil 

 to which they are adapted — the former by nature, 

 the latter by cultivation. To insure success, they 

 should always be put in a soil as favorable as the 

 one from which they are taken ; if better, greater 

 success will follow. Frequent errors have shown 

 tliemselves in this matter. For instance, we have 

 seen the Maple taken from its native loam and 

 transplanted to die in a soil where the Elm would 

 grow fat. The latter loves moisture that would 

 drown out the former. Similar remarks will apply 

 to all trees. They have their favorite soil as well 

 as climate, and will attain their greatest perfection 

 in that soil. If a change is to be tolerated any way, 

 it should be in removing trees from a wet to a moist 

 or dry soil, but never the reverse. 



A tree, with proper care, may be transplanted at 

 any time. We have done it in each month of the 

 year, with success. The great secret of midsum- 

 mer transplanting, when the verdure is full, consists 

 in taking all the roots, with the earth upon them, 

 that can possibly be obtained ; and if the tree is 

 deciduous, divest it of its foliage, and set it in a 

 sliady position. We have seen new leaves start in 

 a short time under these circumstances, and a new 

 growth formed. But, though it can be done, the 

 plan is not to be recommended for general practice. 

 Its utility consists in the possibility it aft^ords the 

 jover of trees to take up small specimens when 



traveling, and transfer them to his own grounds. 

 Beyond this, the practice would be an unnecessary 

 loss of labor, with unnecessary risk of the loss of 

 the tree. 



But to the best time for transplanting trees. Our 

 inference is, that the land has been duly prepared 

 to receive them. If its natural character is wet, it 

 has been made dry enough for general cultivation. 

 If it is stiff and heavy, it has been tilled and cared 

 for until grain or grass will grow upon it without 

 let or hindrance. If this is not so, the best time to 

 set trees has not come upon that farm, and no sea- 

 son can bring it, until the owner has improved. 

 times and seasons to effect these objects. This 

 done, spring and autumn are both adapted to the 

 purpose, — the former from early plowing time until 

 the bursting of the bud ; the latter from the time 

 the new wood becomes mature and the lower leaves 

 begin to fall, to the setting in of severe frosts. 



But in New England and northern New York, 

 where springs are short, and the hurry of seed time 

 impels to every exertion, and where the autunms 

 are long and for the most part marked for bland 

 and pleasant skies, we give to autumn a decided 

 preference ; and we do it for the reason that when 

 the seed-sowing and in-gathering of the year is 

 ended, or has so far become controlable as to aditiit 

 of leisure that spring never affords, the work can 

 be more leisurely and of course more thoroughly 

 accomplished. The earth, too, is in a better condi- 

 tion for working than is ordinarily the case in 

 spring. And what is more, a tree removed to a 

 new locality in autumn is in a better condition to 

 commence a new growth than if removed in spring. 

 The earth becomes fixed around the roots, so that 

 the winds that fall upon it in its full-leaved splen- 

 dor cannot disturb it, and excessive rains give less 

 drenching, and burning drouths have much less 

 chance to penetrate and scorch the rootlets. It su- 

 percedes the necessity of mulching, unless it be to 

 keep the grass down. In short, the practice is full 

 of advantages, with no serious objections, and if 

 the operation is well and carefully performed, a 

 tree so transplanted will commence its growth in 

 its new home, and scarcely give evidence that a 

 removal had been its fortune. 



Richmond, Mass. W. BACON. 



ON THE BEST METHOD OF USING LIQUID MANURE 

 FOR GARDENS. 



No expensive fixtures will answer for the most 

 of farmers, for applying liquid manure to gardens, 

 but all will allow that it is beneficial. I have tried, 

 it several years, with great benefit. My plan is 

 this: — I place a barrel in a convenient position, 

 supplied with a good cover ; into this I place the 

 droppings of the hen-house, slops of the kitchen, 

 and other refuse around tlie house having a manu- 

 rial property, and let it stand in the barrel until 

 full ; then, Avith an old pail and a long-handled dip- 

 per, I pour it around the plants. It takfes some 

 little time, and is none of the nicest of jobs, but I 

 am well repaid in the quick growth of the garden 

 produce and in their fine size when harvested. 



This is the manner in which I apply liquid ma- 

 nure to the garden. If there is a better way, on a 

 small scale, I should be glad to know it ; but I shali 

 have the manure on the garden, if I use the old 

 way, for it pays at thatfc i% B. 



