NEW ENGLAND FARMER. 



27 



arkalile ! These t'ac(3 arc t'urlher substnntiatcd 



Y the etVect prodiicod on Ihe soil, where old 



uit trees have g:ro»vn, in retarding the progress 



young- trees of' the same family or species ; 



r instance, a yonng cherry tree planted o[i 



le 'pot iVom ivhich an old one had heen dug 



, will remain nearly stationary tor a length 



time Hilli the highest cnltivalion ; remove it 



a spot that .. is been occupied by an old pear 



ee, and plant a young pear tree in its place, 



I hoth will immediately become as flonrish- 

 ; as if no tree had ever been produced on 

 ! land, or this fact 1 have experienced the 



est complete demonstration repeatedlj' within 

 e last twenty years. It is moreover, well 

 own to many farmers, that an .Xpple Orchard 



II not succeed on land that bad before been 

 cnpied by one, but that cherry or peach trees 

 11 grow vigorously on such land. 



From these premises very potent arguments 

 gbt be drawn in favor of a regular rotation 

 crops, and against summer fallows. They 

 e here introduced to shew, that although a 

 igle crop of Flax will so exhaust the soil of 

 ;ertain principles," that a repetition cannot 

 vc plice with any prospect of success, even 

 th Urge quantities of manure, under a lapse 

 from four to eight years, according as " those 

 iterials'' necessary to its growth may be more 

 less retained or supjilied, yet it does not fol- 

 V that the soil is exhausted of the food neces- 

 y to promote the luxuriant growth of other 

 nts ! Tlie soundness of this position is sup- 

 pled by the usual practice in Europe and this 

 mtr^', of sowing clover and grass seeds with 

 X, which is considered not more exhausting, 

 I a better protecting crop than Oats or iiar- 

 ; and it is probable the result may be simi- 

 if we extend the inquiry, but it is unirapor- 

 t at present, for good husbandr3' will ever 

 iate that clover or grass should Le the next 

 iise in rotation to Flax. 



Ve necessarily look to Europe for instruc- 

 is in llax husbandry, and first turn to Ireland, 

 ere it was introduced, or rather revived in 

 6, under the patronage of William the 3d, 

 hi years after he left Holland, to wield the 

 tish sceptre. " An able and impartial en- 

 rer* computes that in less than forty years 

 n that period, the home consumption and 

 ortation of Linen, amounted annually to one 

 lion sterling," which, if we allow for the 

 srence in the value of money, may be 

 al to ten mllions of dollars at present, " and 

 from thirty thousand acres of land ; eni- 

 t'ing, in raising and manufacture, one hun- 

 i and seventy thousand persons." When 

 trade was in its infancy, the Dublin Society 

 instituted for its promotion, and some years 

 r published several tnxts on the culture of 

 < ; from which, and from the tour of Arthur 

 ing, in that country, we derive some impor- 

 tacts, yet upon the whole, less information 

 Dtained that is applicable to the management 

 his country, than we were led to expect, 

 ng to the minute subdivision of the land 

 >ng the cultivators (a cotter seldom occupy- 

 more than a quarter of an acre) the very 

 it difference of climate, and, above all, the 

 3mmon fertility, which Sir H. Davy, in his 

 lecture, attributes to the proximity of the 

 :y strata to the soil, in that moist climate. 



jee Campbell'E Political Survey. 



But ftlr. Curwen, long a distinguished statesman 

 in the I>ritisli parliament, and who, as an agri- 

 culturist, ranks with Mr. Coke and Sir .lohn 

 ^-^inrlair, made a tour throughout Ireland in 

 Uilo "with views directed to its agriculture 

 and rural population," and to investigate the 

 cause of the misery and degradation of that no- 

 ble spirited, generous, but mismanaged people, 

 remarks that " he does not think the causes as- 

 signed by Sir II. Davy for the superior fertil- 

 ity are nt all satisfactory, that those demi-tints, 

 which in England dislinguish lands that are ex- 

 hausted, are in Ireland almost unknown ; the 

 verdure is everlasting and luxuriant, arising, as 

 he should suppose, from some inherent quality 

 of the soil, which keeps it in a proper state to 

 admit the salutary influence of the atmosphere ; 

 that the richness of the surface resists all the 

 etVoits of man to sterilize it," and he gives the 

 Irish credit for being very persevering in their 

 endeavors for that porpose.* 



Notwithstanding this extreme fertility, Mr. 

 Curwen says, that the Flax seed raised in Ire- 

 land was supposed to produce inferior plants, 

 and that the Linen board of the Dublin society 

 took charge of the importation of foreign Flax- 

 seed for the su|)ply of those who could not 

 otherwise obtain it. This information relates 

 to one of the most important features in fiax 

 farming — Change of Seed, which will he con- 

 sidered in our next essay. 



* Observations on the state of Ireland, by J. C. Cur- 

 wen, Esq. M. P. 



From the Charleston (S. C.) Gazette. 



Chopzigur Cheese. — The high flavor and fine 

 color of this Cheese, which is a great delicacy, 

 when grated and eaten with bread and butter, 

 are derived from the plant metitot, a species of 

 trefoil, which by the assiduity of Dr. iirown, 

 (the brother of the Senator from Louisiana) has 

 been introduced into our western country. We 

 therefore have a fair jirospect of our soon eat- 

 ing this relishing and economical food, ol native 

 produce. 



CO" The melilot mentioned in the ahove ar- 

 ticle, is the TriJ'oliuin Officinale of LinnaEUS. — 

 In its general appearance it resembles the com- 

 mon red clover. It grows two feet or upwards 

 in height, with smooth stem and leaves, the 

 stem furrowed. The flowers are small, yellow, 

 in axillary and terminal spikes, on foot stalks; 

 the tlowers mostly inclined to one side. In 

 drying it exhales an agreeable scent, and horses 

 and cattle are very fond of it. We have never 

 seen it in this vicinity, except in the northerly 

 part of Leicester, where it grows, apparently 

 indigenous, but may have been introduced. We 

 recommend it to the notice of farmers, especi- 

 ally to those who keep dairies, and hope, that 

 in the course of the next season, a fair trial 

 may be made of it, believing that the cultiva- 

 tion of it may yet be of great advantage to our 

 country. — Worcester Spy. 



Easy metliod of making excellent red or black 

 Cherry Wine. 

 Bruise twenty-four pounds of the finest ripe 

 cherries, either red or black, first taking away 

 the stalks and separating them from any rotten 

 or unripe fruit. After pressing out the juice 

 and even breaking the stones and crushing the 

 kernels, let the \vhole ferment together for 12 



hours. Then run the liquid through a large 

 flannel bag, into a vessel beneath, coulainiug a 

 pound of fine (jowdered loaf or Havana sugar; 

 Ibrcing also, with a ladle or the hands, as much 

 oi' the juice as possible from the mass. When 

 the sugar is thoroughly dissolved, put the liquor 

 up in bottles, tilling each aliove half up the 

 neck, or within nearly an inch of the cork. — • 

 This quantity of good cherries will generally 

 make six quart bottles of a most pleasant and 

 salubrious wine, without dregs ; of a fine deep 

 red color, more or less bright, according to the 

 kind of cherries used ; and will keep considera- 

 bly well, if put in a cool place, more than a 

 year. This wine will be fit to drink in two or 

 three months. When the juice is first pressed 

 out, the mass should be wrung as dry as possi- 

 ble in a napkin, before the stones are attenipteil 

 to be broken and the kernels bruised ; which 

 being done with the mallet or otherwise, the 

 whole is to be returned into the juice, that it 

 may ferment together. The same rule should 

 be observexl in making all other kinds of wine 

 from stoned fruits, where the flavor of the ker- 

 nel IS desirable. — English publication. 



From the Berkshire Star of August 14. 



The Crops. — All the crops fit for harvest, in 

 this vicinity, are abundant ; and although we 

 have had, of late, much of what the farmers 

 term catching weather, they have been saved in 

 good order. The crops now upon the ground 

 are very fine, particularly corn and potatoes, 

 and bid fair to yield a greater product than we 

 have had for a number of years past. 



The ravages of the Hessian fly, in former 

 years, among the wheat have discouraged many 

 of our best farmers from attempting to cultivate 

 this crop; but this difficulty may be easily obvi- 

 ated by a proper preparation of the seed before 

 sown. The few tields of wheat grown in this 

 town, we are told, will produce from 20 to 30 

 bushels to the acre. If this be the fact, (and 

 we do not doubt it,) we hope our farmers will 

 give more of their attention to the cultivatiou 

 of this valuable crop, and thereby retain in the 

 county many hundred dollars, which now go tu 

 a neighboring state for the purchase of flour. 



Manufacturers Beware. 



A lot of waste wool was discovered to be on 

 fire at the Merino Factory, in Dudley, Mass. on 

 Thursday the 7th inst. On removing it frem 

 the place where it had laid in a heap for a 

 length of time, near the picker, and exposing it 

 to the air out of door, it was all of a blaze in 

 less than ten minutes. The Factory belongs to 

 John Brown, £/• Co. who were present and saw 

 the waste on tire. As it has never been posi- 

 tively known whether wool waste would take 

 (ire (by being in a heap for any length of time 

 or not) the Co. consider it a duty to give this 

 information to Manufacturers, who are liable 

 every day to be exposed to fire by their waste 

 wool. It is very probable that it would have 

 caught the Factory on fire in less than 24 hours. 



Dudley, August 12. [fVorcester JEgis. 



Pomatum for ihe Lips. — Mix an ounce of 

 the oil of bitter almonds and a little powdered 

 cochineal ; melt all together, strain it through 

 a cloth in a little rose water, and rub the lips at 

 Dight. 



