NEW ENGLAND FARMER. 



fected with Ihe tly. From tlils circumstance 

 considerable attentitm wns paid to the propaga- 

 tion of it. The second year after it had been 

 cultivated in this neighborhood, I was so fortu- 

 nate as to get five bushels of it ; i sowed it on 

 one side of Ihe (ield of about IL'O acres, the bal- 

 ance of the lield in the golden beard; there was 

 no difl'ereuce in the soil, and the l.awlor wheat 

 produced eleven for one, while the other did not 

 exceed three lor one. The tly that year was 

 rerv fatal, and the golden beard, which was sow- 

 ed much more thick than the other, became, af- 

 ter the conimcncenient of spring, thin and scat- 

 ering, ami continued to decline in prospect ; 

 nuch of that \vhich had survived falling till it 

 :vas harvested, while the Lawler wlieat grew to 

 fine height, and was without any fly in it. 

 1 sowed the succeeding j'ear my product of 

 ifty-five bushels, and twenty more, which I ob- 

 ained by giving four bushels for one. 1 sowed 

 hat year '210 bushels of diflbrent kinds, and 

 nade as much from the seventy-live of Lawler 

 vheat as from all the rest, for that was also a 

 atal year to the general crops, from the ravages 

 f the fly. I afterwards sowed my whole crop 

 f the Lawler wheat ; but the last fall, being 

 ulled into a lalse security, from the circumstance 

 fthe tiy not having made its appearance Ihe 

 receding season, 1 sowed a portion again of the 

 earded wheat, in order to divide, for conven- 

 !nce, the time of Ihe harvest coming in, as the 

 awler wheat comes later than any, except Ihe 

 Id yellow bearded wheat generally in use some 

 ears ago, and is about as late as that. But '.his 

 ear has again more fatally testified to the val- 

 e of the Lawler wheat. I have almost wholly 

 >st my seeding of Ihe golden beard, while the 

 ther has continued to grow in proportion to 

 le benignity of Ihe season, and has a perfectly 

 ealthful appearance, without llie trace of any 

 y ; while in that adjoining it, of a different kind, 

 3U may immediately see deposited in the stalk, 

 X, eight, or ten of the embryo. Among my 

 Bighbors, as far as I have learned of the stale 

 'their crops, the same result has occurred. 

 'he Lawler wheat is invariably exempt from 

 C, and every other kind is invariably destroyed. 

 Experiments were, in the first three or I'our 

 iccessive years after its introduction, made of 

 i ellicacy, with the most satisfactory success. 

 will only mention one : — Mr. John i>ro«n, in 

 e fall ef 1814, sowed equal quantities of the 

 irple straw and Lawler mixecl ; the tly com- 

 enced its depredations as usual in the spring, 

 d by harvest scarcely a straw of the purple 

 heat was left, while the Lawler remained 

 one, and apparently uninjured. 

 Of this valuable wheat much was this year 

 ■ound, the anxiety to get of the seed having 

 bsided, from the favorableness of Ihe last sea- 

 n. At some other time it may be proper to 

 sign the reason of this extraordinary exemp- 

 in, if indeed they can be satisfactorily traced, 

 f which there is much doubt.) if not,"we must 

 •ntent ourselves with the utility of knowing 

 e fact. 



To those who cultivate it, my experience 

 ouid lead to the recommendation of sowing it 

 icker than usual, although it branches more 

 an is common, and of plastering it in brond cast 

 rly in the spring, in preference to any other 

 >de, both as means of sustaining its maturity, 

 d enhancing its increase, it being a late wheat 

 d of tall growth. A SUBSCRIBER. 



ON KKEDINd KWKS \VITH iMANtiK.L WURTZKL. 

 From No. l-lo of the Fainicrs' Journal. 



Sonic persons having stated that Mangel Wiirtzel will 

 grow where they cannot get a crop of Turnips, the 

 following cstruct is made lor tlieir satisfaction, from 

 tile farmers' Journal. 



It is however considfcrc d by some practical men, as dan- 

 gerous to give breeding ewes too much of this root 

 at first, causing thom to sheil their wool. Increas- 

 ing the quantity is thought the best practice. 



Herefordshire, December 12, 1021. 



Sir — As I consider it to be the duly of every 

 individual connected \vi(h the Agricultural in- 

 terest to communicate to the public the rt!sult cf 

 satisfactory and beneficial experiments, I will 

 briefiy answer Ihe several queries of I\f. \\\ in 

 your .Journal of this week. 



From the principal part of my turnip crop 

 failing in the year ICL'O, I was compelled to 

 feed my slock on my crop of mangel wuitzel: 

 the ewes, before lambing, were taken off the 

 few turnips I had, and put into the fold, where 

 they were fed with mangel wurtzel, and a very 

 small quantity of hay, mid icithoiU neater. After 

 lambing, they wore given the same food, and 

 from the great flow of milk produced, the lambs 

 were in very high condition. The whole of my 

 flock were kept entirely on this food, from the 

 beginning of January, 1821, to Ihe end of March, 

 during which period 1 weighed eight wether 

 sheep, and put them into a barn, when they 

 were given twenty-five pounds of mangel wurt- 

 zel, and about five pounds of good hay for each 

 sheep every twenty-four hours, for five succes- 

 sive weeks: some of them gained more than 

 others; but on weighing them out, at the ex- 

 piration of that time, they had increased, upon 

 an average, eight pounds per quarter. 1 can 

 also state that, having killed several of the 

 sheep, Ihe mutton was particularly mild and 

 sweet. 1 am fully persuaded that there never 

 was better food for sheep, or fooi' that will ere 

 ate so great a flow of milk from the ewes. If 

 you consider this a sufficiently minute reply to 

 Ihe queries of your correspondent, 1 think the 

 soouer it is made known, through the medium 

 of your valuable Journal, the more satisfactory 

 it will be to M. W. 



1 remain, your well wisher, P. 



P. S. It is necessary to observe, that the man- 

 gel wurtzel must be carefully cleaned, without 

 washing, and given whole. 



Dcruhj Looms. — A hand-loom On a new con- 

 struction, and which has received the appella- 

 tion of " Dandy-Loom," has recently been in- 

 troduced at Blackburn. Its principal advantage 

 over Ihe common hand-loom consists in its be- 

 ing much smaller, and in the application of a 

 crank, by which, as in steam-looms, the number 

 of picks of weft in an inch is regulated, and the 

 cloth consequently made more even. We un- 

 derstand also, that the new hand-loom weaves 

 the yarn without dressing, which is an expen- 

 sive process ; whilst by Ihe use of a copper- 

 shuttle, the necessity of winding the weft is su- 

 perceded. The loom measures only about 3U 

 inches in depth, from the cloth to the yarn 

 beam, and its cost in wood is not more than 

 35s. or 3Gs. or in iron than .'J2s. Gd, A fair wea- 

 ver, with tolerable exertion, will weave a piece 

 of 25 yards in eight or nine hours. By many 

 manufacturers, we understand the impravcment 

 is considered ol some importance. Indeed, it is 



conceived that it will ultimately supercede Ihe 

 hand-loom on the old construction ; and, per- 

 haps on some particular goods, succcs'^fullv con- 

 test the further progress of power-looms. 



I'rom the rrovideiire Journal. 

 Progress of C'nwmerce (tiid Manufacttirrs in the 

 ll'esi. — A day or two siucp, a gentleman of Pitts- 

 burgh, Penn. pa.-srd through this town, on his. 

 return to the West from a commercial expedi- 

 tion to Boston. He brought with him tVotn 

 Pittsburgh, an extensive Invoice of Window 

 Glass and Gla-iswarc, which he disposed of for n 

 handsome advance, on original cost, charges 

 and incidental expenses. The rise and progress 

 of Pittsburgh is, perhaps, unexampled in the 

 annals of towns or cities, and the enviable 

 height to which it has already attained, is high- 

 ly complimentary to the enterjirize and inilus- 

 try ot the hardy sons of Pennsylvania. Forty 

 years since, the scile on which the town slands, 

 was a howling wilderness, and with the excep- 

 tion of Ihe marks of civilization discoverable in 

 Ihe construction of Fort du Quesne, it presented 

 nothing but a cheerless wild, Ihe abode of Ihe 

 savage, and Ihe resort of Ihe yelling beasts of 

 Ihe forest. It now contains from 7 to 10,000 in- 

 habitants and nearly two thousand houses, manv 

 ol which are splendid and elegant. As a man- 

 ufacturing town it is exceeded by but few in the 

 United States, and from the extent of their 

 works, it long since acquired, and still main- 

 tains, Ihe title of the Manchester of Ihe West. 

 The country adjacent abounds with minerals, 

 such as iron, lead and copper ; the former of 

 which has been found in large, and the latter 

 in smail quantities. Some years since, ship build- 

 ing was carried on to a considerable extent, but 

 laiied when our commercial embarrassments 

 commenced, and is now entirely abandoned. — 

 In the year 1C05 a schooner was fitted out from 

 the jilace, and sailed for Leghorn. On her ar- 

 rival at that port Ihe master delivered his pa|icrs 

 at the custom house : the collector looked at 

 them with astonishment, and protested there 

 was no such port in the xvorld — you are an im- 

 postor, said he, and I must confiscate yonr ves- 

 sel. The trembling captain produced a raa[i 

 of America, on which he turned his eye np the 

 Mississippi two thousand miles, then up the 

 Ohio nine hundred, and at the junction of the 

 Alleghany and Monongahela river, almost three 

 thousand miles frem the ocean, showed to Ihe 

 dissatisfied collector the port where he sailed 

 from — the flourishing town ot Pittsburgh. 



TV) prevent Movlding in Books, Ink, Paste and 

 Leather. — Collectors of books will not be sorry 

 to loam that a few drops of Oil of Lavender 

 will insure their libraries from this pest. A sin- 

 gle drop of the same oil, will prevent a pint of 

 ink tVom mouldiness for any length of time. 

 Paste may be kept from mould entirely by the 

 same addition ; and leather is also efl'ectually se- 

 cured from injury by the same agency. 



Prevention of Contagion.^Gavize veifs, on the 

 principle of D.i>vy's safety lamp, have been re- 

 commended by Mr. Bartlett, as preservatives 

 from contagion. This is a point of so much 

 importance to humanity, that we bope the effi- 

 cacy of the recommendation vvjll be tried by 

 the most critical experiments. — U. S. Gazette, 



