NEW ENGLAND FARMEU. 



149 



ow Rrislol) from Tiltiqnet to S«';insev he (lis-(inp; tlie most pcil'ecf of every hrocii can be at- 

 vered but tno nations, and no spltlements. — tained. To rlVect this, the institution o(" socic- 

 tlioii?h the arround was cleared on each baidc ties like ours is iiecniiarly favorable, 

 vender river, yet the melancholy silence ol | " Whenever our funds arp sutTicieut to author- 

 "desolalion \vas uninterrupted save by the j ize tlie expense of tlio iniportation, every vari- 

 es ol wild beasts, who were prowlinp: lor ely o{ valuable foreig^n aiiimaU, ought to be in- 

 ey ihrousjii the horrid solitude ot'this wilder- 1 Irnduced here, particularly of 6cc/ caltlc. I 

 The wolf made bs den within sisjbt ofl will venture to assert that our boundless em- 

 is house. The startled deer swept alonp: llio pire contains no soil and no climate more con- 

 mmon, and wild Turkins winged their tlighl i i^enial to the production of tine beef than the 



ere the Temples of the true God are now 

 vating tlieir spires to the heavens. 



.-\ lew scattering savages served to tell that 

 1 was here, and a few patches of maize serv- 



to show the amount of his labors. 



A tribe of savages in number less than three 

 nusand occupied n part of Uhode Island and 



whole ancient colony of Plymouth, gather- 



a wretched subsistence, and frequently per- 

 ing, the miserable victims of famine, where, 

 re than 150,000 civilized beings are now 

 iportcd in ease and in plenty. 

 ' It is the skilful application of labor to the 

 I, it is the science of Agriculture, it is supe- 

 r knowledge in the art of cultivating the 



necks of Swansey and Somerset, that part ol' 

 Troy wliich lies on the river, the parts of Dart- 

 mouth and VVestport which are situated on the 

 sea, and the adjoining part of the state of Rhode 

 Island, iucluding all the islands in Narraghansett 

 Bay. 



" It is in your power to exhibit beef unequal- 

 led in Leadenhall market, and surpassing the 

 Jlagnus and Maximus of Coniiecticiil river. 



" 1 trust you ^vill excuse me, if 1 brielJy advert 

 to a circumstance which in some places has 

 threatened to destroy the harmony which ought 

 to exist between two great national interests, 

 for whose equal encouragement our society was 



instituted. An attempt has been made toexcit 

 rth, which has thus multiplied its capabili-la jealousy between the manufacturers and the 



I farmers by reprei^enting their interests as hos- 

 By constant watches against the depreda- 1 tile and incompatible, and that the prosperity 

 ns of wild beasts, the aborigines strove to i of the one was necessarily injurious to the other, 

 tivate in small quantities a single species of "A position more false than this could not have 

 lash and pumpkin ; kidney beans and maize , been assumed. Before the extension of the ma- 

 Indian com. On the borders of the fresh ' iiutactunng system, agriciiifure flourished from 



ter streams grew a species ol coarse grass, 

 ore worthless species covered some of the 

 :est plains, and in the vicinity of salt water. 



the operations of commerce, but the world vva 

 in a situation novel and peculiar, there was a ge- 

 neral war amonsrst ihi' nations (with the excep- 



marsh grass, then, as now, grew in rank lux- j tiim of ours) a war which required vast armies 



ttnce. Wild cherries, raspberries, wild grapes, 

 iiwberries, boxbernes, blackberries, and 

 ortlebeiries were the only native fruits. 

 ' The hog, the sheep, the horse and all the 

 sis of draught were unknown. All olber 

 ins, grass, vegetables, roots, plants and all 

 er domestic animals have been introduced in- 

 his, from olher countries. 



■ The original species offorest wood still re- 

 ns, but few exotics have been introduced, 



some of those might have been spared. 



The agricultural riches of ilitTerent regions 



e been diffused and made common by the 

 rations of war, commerce and emigration. — 

 s love of the agricultural art has difiused its 



■ rovements, and its curiosities, rather than 

 more important objects of its culture. 



■ The fen rioBS soldiers, and bigoted fanat- 

 of Spain have given to the world a treasure 

 ler than the philosopher's stone or the elixir 

 immortality, by transferring the wild pota- 



Irom the region of the River La Plata and 

 mountains of Chili to Europe. By this the 

 Id has been saved forever from the desola- 

 s of famine. The goodness of God is man- 

 ted in every thing. The same hands which 

 Iroyed human life without measure, and 

 bout mercy, have given to countless millions 

 means of living; and by introducing the 

 cious bark of Peru into medicine have driv- 

 rom the earth a desolating scourge which 

 royed more victims than the plague, oryel- 

 fever. 



It IS not by partial introduction of fine animals 

 n other countries, a solitary bull, or horse, 

 iheep, or swine of a single species, but from 

 introduction of all the valuable breeds from 

 ry country, that the great objects of obtaio- 



To supply them the agricultural productions of 

 America were sought because America being 

 neutral could carry sal'ely, and sell cheap. 



The military tbrce of the West Indies also 

 drew the.r siipplies from the states. The war 

 having terminated, this lucrative commerce is 

 at an end. Every European nation can supply 

 more of the productions of agriculture than are 

 necessary for the subs. sience of their population, 

 and of course there must every where be a sur- 

 plus which cannot be used. Great Britain who 

 is possessed of more colonies than any other 

 nation, by some late regulations has endeavored 

 to supply the wants of one colony with the 

 productions of another. Wheat, rye and pota- 

 toes have been imported into this country from 

 others, and it is now an undeniable fact, that 

 the surplus productions of New-England cannot 

 be sold in foreign markets without loss. 



" But if a certain and convenient domestic 

 market can be created, the farmer loses nothing 

 by the failure of foreign market*, which would 

 be necessarily uncertain and tluctualing, but do- 

 mestic markets, would be stead}', and the de- 

 mand would be constant. 

 "The benefits of the domestic market may be 

 familiarly illustrated. A family is withdrawn 

 from agriculture, and employed in manufactur- 

 ing, which family must be fed and supported. 

 A farmer in the neighborhood, can raise a suffi- 

 ciency from his farm to supply his own family, 

 and surplus enough to support the other. The 

 family employed in the steady labor of a manu- 

 factory cannot cullivale the earth, and their 

 wants are supplied with the surplus of him who 

 does, which otherwise might have been unsold, 

 and both are benetitted. 

 "If one hundred families are employed in a 



manufactory, one hundred farmers af-e sure of a 

 market. 



"A manularluring population rear up cities and 

 villages, lands of course become more valuable, 

 more saleable, and more productive. A manu- 

 facturing pnpulaliou must be fed by agricultural 

 population ; of course agricultural labour be- 

 comes more productive. The laud is better 

 cultivated, its bidden ca[)acities are developed, 

 and the manufacturing village is soon surround- 

 ed by a continuous garden. Both classes are dai- 

 ly adding to their own wealth, as well as to the 

 aggregate wealth of the nation. 



" Examine the history of the world and you 

 will invariably find that the progress of agricul- 

 ture has been by far the most rapid in those na- 

 tions which have fostered the other great 

 branches of national industry. Therefore let 

 no unworthy jealousies exist between the farmer 

 and the manufacturer. They are mutual aids 

 to each other. It is for the interest of both 

 classes that both should flourish." 



From tlie Kcw York Statesman. 



Nalnral History. — We are indebted to a cor- 

 respondent and friend for a copy of a Discourse 

 on the Utility of JVatural Histori/. — delivered be- 

 fore the Berkshire Medical Institution at the or- 

 a:anization of the Lyceum in Pittsfield, Massa- 

 chusetts, on the lOth of September last : by 

 the Rev. Edward Hitchcock, of Conway. The 

 author of this pamphlet has brought much tal- 

 ent, much learning, and much good sense to 

 the illustration of his subject. He appears to 

 be well versed not only in his own professioti, 

 but in that of medicine, aud in the several 

 branches of natural history. From his view 

 and citations, it is evident he is a gentleman 

 of extensive reading. To the question so of- 

 ten asked — of what use are the pursuits of 

 natural science ? he has given very full and 

 salisf'actory answers. This address is arranged 

 under three general divisions : first, the utility 

 of natural history in relation to the common 

 and social interests- of man: secondly, its util- 

 ity in relation to intellectual improvement: 

 and thirdly, its religious influence on the 

 mind. Under these several heads, he has ad- 

 duced a great variety of arguments and en- 

 forced them with no ordinary share of eloquence, 

 combined with taste and piety. His speculay 

 tions on the various geological theories are both 

 learned and rational, defending the Mosaic ac- 

 count of the creation and of the deluge. 



At the conclusion of the discourse, sever" 

 al gentlemen from Berkshire and the ad- 

 joining counties, formed a society under the 

 name of the Lyceum of Natural History of the 

 Berkshire Medical Institution, and adopted a con- 

 stitution. At a subsequent meeting of the mem- 

 bers, Chester Dewey, A. A. S. was elected 

 President; D. Hunt, M. D. Rev. Edward Hitch- 

 cock, and J. P. Batchelder, M. D. Vice Presi- 

 dents; Henry H. Cbilds, M. D. and Dr. O. 

 Wright, Curators ; Henry K. Strong, Secretary, 

 and Samuel M. McKay, Treasurer. 



The Lyceum have already received several 

 boxes of minerals, shells, Indian implements, 

 and animals, from difierent parts of the country, 

 and a respectable cabinet is collected in the in- 

 fancy of the association. Considerable additioris 

 are expected from a class of about eighty medi- 

 cal students, now attending a coarse of lectures 



