166 



NEW ENGLAND FARMER. 



In Enghintl, in Oct. a young woman apparent- 

 ]y died, after a long decline. She was laid ont, 

 and on the 4th day was removed to a coffin for 

 interment, when signs of life were discovered, 

 and in a few hours she was able to converse. 



Something similar occurred in Boston some 

 years since, in the case of a Mr. Cutter. — Pcdla. 



Dartmnnth College.— From the catalogue of 

 this institution just printed, the following ap- 

 pears as the number of students, viz. PdediCal, 

 73 i Senior Sophisters, 28 ; Juniors, 33 ; Sopho- 

 mores, 41; Freshmen, 39 ;— total, 2M. The 

 whole expense at this Seminary, including hoard, 

 tuition, room rent, &.C. is $98 65 per year. 



NEW ENGLAND FARMER. 



SATURDAY, UJXEMBER 20, 1823. 



Wood for Fckj,. The Farmer should obtain his 

 year's stock of wood for fuel as early in the season as 

 possible, and before the depth of snow in his wood lands 

 renders it difficult to traverse them with a team. 



A valuable paper, by the Hon. John Welles, repub- 

 lished in the New England Farmer, vol. i. page 329, 

 from the Massachusetts Agricultural Repository, recom- 

 mends cutting hard wood trees between 40 and 50 years 

 of age; and the writer states that " though trees may 

 shoot up in hcig'hth by standing longer, yet the ju/riofl 

 of the most rapid vegetation is mostly over, and bv ti,^. 

 means much of the undergrowth is necessarily d' ^tloy- 

 ed." Mr. Welles is of opinion that in cutting 

 over a wood lot to obtain fuel, it is best to take the 

 whole growth as you proceed. Ke observes that " we 

 have been condemned as evincing a want of taste in 

 cutting off our forests without leaving what it would 

 take half a century to produce, a shade near where it 

 is proposed to erect buildings. The fact is that trees 

 of original growth have their roots mostly in the upper 

 stratum of earth, and near the surface. A tree acts up- 

 on its roots and is acted upon by the wind, sustaining 

 in common with the whole forest the force of this ele- 

 ment, and it becomes accommodated or naturalized to 

 its pressure. But when left alone or unsustained, it is 

 borne down by the first gale, often to the injury of proper- 

 ly and even of life." The Farmer'' s Assistant likewise 

 says, " if woods are old and decaying the better way 

 js to cut all off, as you want to use the wood, and let an 

 entire new growth start up, which will grow more ra- 

 pidly." 



WAnmixr, Rooms. It is a very wasteful practice to 

 burn wood in large open fire places, as is still the cus- 

 tom in many parts of the country where fuel is an im- 

 portant item of annual expenses. Stoves of various 

 'orrns, and diversities of construction, are, ho<vever, gra- 

 dually obtaining the preference, to the modeofconsum- 

 in"- fuel adopted by our ancc^ters, when it was consid- 

 ered as an object of importance for a farmer to consume 

 and destroy his fire wood and timber as fast as possible 

 in order to expedite the clearing of land. The Far- 

 mer's Assistant gives the following mode of warming 

 rooms, &c. which may be new to some of our readers, 

 and, perhaps excite some who are possessed of what a 

 crai:ioli>gist would call the organ of inventive ingenuity to 

 make further improvements. 



" As it is essential to make a little fuel answer for 

 this purpose, as well as for boiling, baking, roasting. 

 Sic. we will here describe a simple and cheap method 

 for all these purposes ; leaving every one to vary from 

 it, by the use of stoves, or otherwise, as he may think 

 proper. 



" Make, of sheet-iron, something in the shape of a 

 potash kettle, but not near so deep in proportion toils 

 breadth on the rim, and let it be, say, two and a half 

 feet in diameter across the rim ; set it, bottom up- 

 ward, on brick-work suitable to the dimensions of the 

 rim, about ten inches high, leaving a place to fix an 

 iron door, like the door of a common stove : Build a 

 brick wall all round and over this, leaving a space be- 

 tween it and the sheet iron, of about two inches, and 

 an opening where the door, Just mentioned, is placed. 

 Apcrtnrfs aie to be left in this outer wall, for inserting 

 tubes for carryino- off the air that is heated between 

 the outer wall and the sheet iron, in different apart- 

 ments. 



" When a fire is made within the part covered by 

 the sheet iron, the air between that and the outer wall 

 becomes rarified, and of course ascends through the 

 lubes into the different apartments or rooms, while the 

 fresh air is constantly rushing in to supply its place. — 

 Thus, while a constant current of cold air is rushing 

 in below, a like current of warm air is carried off into 

 the apartments where it is wanted. When any of 

 these is sufficiently filled with warm air, the tubes lead- 

 ing into it are to be stopped iu part, or wholly, till 

 more heated air is wanted. It would be most advisa- 

 ble to let the heated air into each room in different pla- 

 ces, in order to distribute it more equally. 



" In a room warmed in the usual way, about two 

 thirds of the whole heat of the fire passes out of the 

 chimney. In the mean time, all the air in the room 

 will also have passed off in that direction in less than 

 an hour, and of course cold air must rush in to supply 

 its place. Thus the Whole air of such room has to be 

 heated over again once an hour, and this is to be done 

 with only a third of the heat afforded by the fire. Now, 

 according to the plan here recommended, the air in a 

 room would require a degree ofbeat equal to warming 

 the whole over again, about once in six hours, as the 

 heated air is not to be allowed to pass off out of a 

 chimney ; and for this purpose of heating, at least two 

 thirds of the heat of a smaller fire can be applied. — 

 Thus a room, to be warmed in the common way, re- 

 quiies a fire which gives twelve times the quantity of 

 heat that is required iu the method above described. 



" This heating stove may be set in the kitchen ; but 

 a cellar-kitchen, or one lower than the dwelling-ro.-ims. 

 would be best. It may also be set in a small building 

 adjoining the house ; but let it be set lower than the 

 rooms of the house. 



" But, in order to render this complete, let the 

 steam-cooking, baking, and roasting apparatus be at- 

 tached to it. For this purpose, let the smoke and the 

 heat that goes with it, pass out through the hole about 

 four inches square, made in the side of a sheet iron, 

 opposite the door ; and let it be carried in a zigzag 

 manner, back and forward, under the bottom of a boil- 

 er, made of sheet iron, and this will sufficiently heat 

 the water in that to afford the requisite degree of steam 

 for the vessels used for cooking by steam, as well as 

 for heating water in adjoining wooden vessels of differ- 

 ent sizes, to be used for different purposes. The pipe, 

 conducting off the smoke, &c. after having passed un- 

 der every part of the bottom of the boiler, is then to be 

 carried upwards, and pass round three sides of a small 

 oven, made of sheet iron, which is to be used for bak- 

 ing and roasting. The outside of the smoke-pipe, and 

 of the door of the oven, should be thickly coated with 

 powdered charcoal, in order to prevent the heat pass- 

 ing off through the exterior surface, until it shall have 

 ascended above the oven. 



"Thus, with one half of the fuel used in akitchen 

 fire place, every room, in a house of moderate size, 

 may be warmed ; all the culinary business may be per- 

 formed ; roots may be boiled for cattle in large vessels 

 made for the purpose ; and all this may be performed 

 without half the risk from fires which attends the usual 

 methods." 



The building which contains the Boston Atheneum, 

 and other houses in this city are warmed by means si- 

 milar to those above described. 



Fatal Actident. — On the 12tli inst. a young man by 

 the name of Seth Smith, formerly of Pomfret, Vt. while 

 driving a team, with a load of wood from Billerica to 

 Bos'.on.was killed by the wagon wheel passing over bim. 



FOREIGN. 



Spanish America. — A late London Courier 

 " that all questions relating to the late Spanish t 

 ments in South America, will become matter of a 

 sion in a General Congress. Such at least is the B 

 of the proposition made by France to our Goveni 

 but to which we have declined acceding. W); 

 this determination on our part may alter the origii| 

 tention, is a point we cannot decide." 



Turkish Atrocity. — A Greek priest named Gh 

 been crucified by the Turks in mockery of his 

 — He was after being several hours tortured in t 

 daubed with pitch and burnt alive. 



Dreadful inundations occurred in the North of 

 and the Tyrol about the middle of October. PZxt< 

 devastations have been caused by long continued! 

 and the destructive rising of several mountain stn 

 the city of Trent was several times in danger of) 

 partly destroyed, and fears were entertained as Ij 

 the ]8lh as the rain continued to fall in torrent! 

 third part of the city of Verona was under water 

 in many parts up to the first stories of the house 

 number of bridges were carried away in the Tyred 

 many lives lost. 



Storms on the English Coast. — The London C( 

 ot the 3d of November says, " our papers and adi 

 received this morning from all parts of the United) 

 dom furnish a mass of calamitous details of the da 

 occasioned by the tempestuous weather which pp 

 ed during Tuesday and Friday last. To an 

 devastation of property is added a melancholy Ii 

 human life." 



The London Courier states, that theEtoile, a Fi 

 paper, printed at Paris, notices the fitting out an; 

 mcnt at Cadiz to assist the Royalists of Peru in re 

 queriugthat fine country from the Revolutionists. 



" Gibraltar, Oct. 16. — We arc crowded Iv i 

 fugees from Cadiz, among whom are upvj!'- ot 

 members of the Cortes. They are allownl ih ■ rijl 

 hospitality, but cannot remain in the garri:. n ( 

 days. They will probably seek an asylum iu l-ngk 



DOMESTIC. 



Cause of the Greeks. — A large and respec; ihle; 

 ing was held at Philadelphia on the evening of thi 

 inst. to devise means to assist the Gretks, at i 

 Bishop White presided. An address from the Gr« 

 the people of the United States wasr(ad,'and a cm 

 tee was appointed to prepare resoluticns for the « 

 eration of the meeting, who proposed miii.-un 

 their relief. 



Another coal Mine. — We have been shown a ; 

 of coal from a mine lately discovered on the wt fIh 

 tain in this town. The coal having been tried, is 

 nonnCed to be superior to the Lehigh or Lackaw 

 It is softer, and kindles much easier. The mine 

 been excavated to the depth of seven feet, and 

 proves good. Should the canal to connect the Ht 

 and Delaware rivers, be cut through this counlji 

 mine may prove a rich fund to the owners, as it 

 near the proposed rout. — Sttlliran Whig. 



Jfcw mode of refining Salt. — Muriate of Soi 

 common salt, may be refined by putting it into aff 

 beratory furnace, kilns, pots, pans, or other fit TP- 

 together with the necessary re-agents and malf. 

 and exposing it to such a degree of heat a? will' 

 it. It must be kept in fusion a sufficient time todw 

 pose, separate or precipitate the metallic and III 

 parts, and then drawn off as long as it rnnspurt*! 

 it must be suffered to cool. 



Cotton.— The crops of cotton of 1822, and !3l 

 been estimated as follows — 



New Orleans bags 172,000 . 



Mobile 5O,O0fll' 



Savannah 170,00* 



Charleston 160,00^] 



N. Carolina and Virginia 43,000^'_,| 



Total of bags, 595.000 



The increase of the last year is reckoned tof 

 been 73,000 bales.— //"of. Register. 



