■21Q 



iVEW ENGLAND FARMER. 



writer of eminence, and author, we believe, of 

 a work of mucli merit entitled " Parkes' Clie- 

 mical Catechism," says, " I am desirons of re- 

 marking that no land can be said to be fruitful 

 which is entirely exhausted of carbonaceous 

 [coaly] matter; therefore if it were possible 

 for an estate to be so worn out by successive 

 crops that little or no carbon remained in the 

 soil, it is not likely that salt alone would restore 

 it to its original fertility. I consider also that 

 the land which contains most carbon* will de- 

 rive most benefit from the application of salt. 

 But the safest way for a farmer to proceed is to use 

 his salt sparingly at first, and in all cases to leave 

 a portion of the same land without salt, so that the 

 real effects produced hi/ the salt may be, by compari- 

 son, in every instance self-evident and palpable.'''' 



* All auimal and vesfetable manure consists princi- 

 pally of carbon, or coaly matter. (^Tu be contiuued.) 



REMEDY FOR HYDROPHOBIA. 



The following interesting notice of the dis- 

 covery of mi>ans to prevent that dreadful dis- 

 ease so frequently consequent upon the bile ol 

 a mad dog, is a translation from a German pa- 

 per of the 2d of November last : — 



" All caustic alkalies have, in consequence of 

 the numerous and repealed experiments of Mes- 

 srs. Von Redi, Fontani, Mederer Von Wuthwehr, 

 and others, been found to possess the property 

 ot rendering altogether harmless the poison of 

 the bile of a mad dog. The wound must be 

 well washed, as soon as it can be procured, with 

 ley, which, however, must not be stronger than 

 can be borne in the mouth. If it be stronger than 

 this, it has the effect of drawing the edges of the 

 wound together, and preventing the ley from 

 being applied to the bottom of the wound, where 

 it might meet with and neutralize the poison." 



" It i= o:.totiiching," adds the abovemention- 

 cd paper, " that this, so simple a remedy, 

 should not have been before discovered ; and 

 were it published in all the schools and acade- 

 mies of medicine, it would have the effect of 

 saving many valuable lives." — JV. Y. Gazette. 



Sore Throat, from cold. — At this season of the 

 year, when common colds are prevalent, a bet- 

 ter remedy cannot be prescribed for a soreness 

 or inflammation of the inside of the throat, which 

 often attends a severe catarrh, than the follow- 

 ing : 



Mix a wine-glass full of good calcined Mag- 

 nesia and Honey, to the consistence of paste, or 

 jelly, and take a spoonful once an hour through 

 the day, for a day or two. li is cooling, healing, 

 and a very gentle cathartic. — Bermuda paper. 



From the American Farmer. 

 CATTLE. 



VARlncS BREEDS — LARGE OXEN. 



[Of neat cattle, there are various races, some 

 best adapted to the yoke — some to a milk dairy 

 — some to a butter dairy — some to the butcher's 

 shambles, and some so ill formed, unthrifty and 

 unprofitable, as to be tit only for hounds and buz- 

 zards. 



It becomes all farmers, let their number be 

 few or many, to keep such as arc best adapted 

 to their particular purposes; and this can only 

 be done by making themselves acquainted with 

 the peculiar properties and propensities of each 

 race. 



It is in England, that the most persevering 

 and best directed efforts have been made, to per- 

 fect the various breeds, with a view to dift'erent 

 purposes ; and such has been their success, that 

 it is now understood, that by successive and ju- 

 dicious selections and crossings, a breed of cat- 

 tle, sheep, or hogs, may in a somewhat longer 

 process of time, be made up, possessing any giv- 

 en color, shape or quality, with almost as much 

 certainty and precision, as the manufacturer 

 can give to the productions of the loom, such 

 stripes and texture as his fancy may suggest. 



We shall endeavor to give our readers such 

 information, as will enable them to understand 

 the characteristic points of the breeds now most 

 esteemed in that country, beginning with the 

 " Improved short horns," which appear to be 

 more in demand, and to sell for higher prices, 

 than any other family of cattle at this time. 

 They were formerly found in greatest numbers 

 and perfection in the county of Durham, on 

 liolh sides of the river Tees, and hence the ap 

 pellation of the Tees water breed. But this 

 breed has of late years been greatly improved up- 

 on, and of this stock, so meliorated " the improv 

 ED SHORT HORN," is HOW the established and ap- 

 propriate designation. 



It is already known to the readers of the 

 .\merican F'armer, that we have this breed o! 

 cattle, in their greatest purity and perfection. — 

 In Massachusetts, on the estates of Samuel Ja- 

 ques, Esq. of Charlestown, owner of Coelebs, and 

 Stephen Williams, Esq. of Northborough, own- 

 er of Denton — also a bull |)resented to the Mas- 

 saohusetts Agricultural Society, by Admiral 

 Coffin of the British Navy, a native of Massa- 

 chusetts. In Pennsylvania, the only full blood 

 stock of this breed, male and female, that we 

 know of, are in the hands of Col, J. H. Pow- 

 el, and in Maryland at Wye farm, the elegant 

 estate of Col. Lloyd, of the Senate of the U. S. 

 may be seen the bull Champion, and heifers 

 White Rose, and Shepherdess, imported in the 

 spring of 1822, by the Editor of this paper, 

 from Charles Champion, Esq. from whom Gen. 

 Van Ransselaer, has ordered a bull and two 'ieif- 

 ers, to enrich and ornament his vast estates in 

 the state of New York. 



The following is the pedigree of Col. Lloyd's 

 bull Champion, as given in his letter to J. S. 

 Skinner, dated 6th of April, 1822. 

 " I had named him Blyth Union, in consequence 

 of being bred both from Colling's and Coats' 

 best blood, but 1 request you will give him any 

 name you think most suitable; if you think he 

 deserves it, 1 shall be proud for him to be nam- 

 ed the Champion ; he was got by Warrior, tor 

 whose dam I paid Mr. Robert Colling 200 guin- 

 eas, his dam was by Blyth Comet, whose dam 1 

 bought at Mr. Charles Colling's sale, for 170 

 guineas. Blyth Comet was also the sire oflh(> 

 ox in my group of animals which you have, and 

 be was bred in and in from Comet, who was 

 sold for 1000 guineas, at Charles Colling's sale 

 in 1810; — his gran-dam was by Mr. George 

 Coats' Palm Flower, who is own brother to my 

 cow Crimson, fur which I gave Mr. Coats 100 

 guineas when 13 years old, and Crimson is the 

 dam of my bull Blaze, by Blyth Comet, which 1 

 in now using, and I hope your two heifers are in 

 calf to him. as he is considered the most com- 

 plete animal I ever bred for symmetry and quali- 

 ty. — His great gran-dam by Palriol, the bull 

 you named in one of your letters, and which 



Mr. Coats sold for 500 guineas, so tliat yoi 

 bull partakes of GoUing's and Coats' bestblooc 

 Tins calf by Blaze, out of White Rose, cat 

 in November 1822, took the premium at c 

 last Agricultural Exhibition in Maryland, und 

 the name "• Pilgrim," was sold to Col. Powel 

 the ground, and now bears at Fowelton, ne 

 Philadelphia, the name " Wye Comet," of t 

 origin and history of these cattle, we find t 

 following in the " Survey of Durham."] 



Edit. Am. Farmer. 



THE TEES WATER BREED. 



An attempt to improve them, (which I s 

 pect was more with regard to size, than a 

 other quality,) was made by Mr. Michael Di 

 inson, of the Isle, near Sedgetield, who brouf.; 

 a bull out of Holland, that is said to have i 

 proved the breed. A few years after, soi 

 other adventurers went over to Holland, and^ 

 great bulk, was then considered as the criter 

 of perfection, they brought home a compli 

 lyery animal, with immense buttocks, wh 

 did a great deal of mischief; but there w( 

 some intelligent breeders that steered clear 

 this evil;* and from them the pure Tees \ 

 ter breed has descended to the present tir 

 in which were united the properties of fe 

 ing to great weights, and being great milk< 



The visitants of Mr. Blakewell having s( 

 what he had done with the long horns, by 

 lection; and at how much earlier ages tl 

 got fattened, were induced to try what co 

 be done by similar raeans,*with the short hor 

 and several selections were made for this p 

 pose with great success. 



The first particular recorded instance of 

 Tees water breed, for fat and great weif 

 was an ox of Mr. Hill's, of Blackwell, wh 

 was killed at Darlington the 17th Deceml 

 1779, at seven years old; the particulars 

 his weight are as follow : 



lb 

 Two fore quarters. .... 1 j! 

 Twoliind ditto lOf 



Carcase ...... 



Tallow 



Total 22'; 

 The next was a five years old ox, of 

 Milbank, of Barningham, killed at Barnardca 

 in April, 1789 : he weighed — 



lb. 

 Two fore quarters .... 1044 

 Two hind ditto .... 1060 



Carcase ...... 2104 



Tallow 224 



Total 2328 

 This OX being at five years old only 191 

 less than Mr. Hill's ox in weight of care: 

 and having five stones more tallow, was cert: 



* Of these, Mr. Milbank, of Barmingham, and 

 Croft, of Barford, were the most eminent — and w 

 considered as having the best and purest breed of 

 district 'at that period, (about 70 years since ;) 

 colors of their cattle were red and white ; and w]^ 

 with a little red about the neck or roan. 



This information was communicated Tjy Mr. Thoi'' 

 Corner, now near 90 years of age ; and Mr. Gti 

 Culley says, that he has repeatedly heard his fal 

 slate the same particulars. 



The colors of the above being similar to those of ' 

 present improved breed of short horns, makes it pi 

 able that they are descendants of the same race. „ 



