226 



NEW ENGLAND FARMER. 



of winter squashes, fifty-one cabbages, a cart body of 

 water melons, and a quantity of radishes. 



This was not originally inteniled for a premi- 

 um crop, and is not brout;ht strictly within our 

 regulations. As there is, however, no compe- 

 tition, as the quantity of carrots approaches 

 nearly to our limit, and as the whole produce 

 exceeds lioth in bulk and value what we require, 

 ^he Committee recommend that the premium 

 of tifteen dollars be awarded to Mr. Greene. 

 The soil on which this crop grew is a gravelly 

 loam, and was planted the past year with pota- 

 toes. — Twenty tons of slaughter-house manure 

 were plougiied in. It was then bushed and 

 ridged with a horse plough for |)lanting. The 

 lows were from eighteen inches to two feet 

 apart. — The seed was sown in the row and 

 thinned. It was hoed four times, and the ex- 

 pense of cultivation is estimated at thirty-seven 

 dollars. 



No claims have been offered for any premium 

 on potatoes, mangel wurtzel, barley, a new spe- 

 cies of grass or flax. 



The general culture of the po/d/oe has afford- 

 ed, at a cheap rate, an ample supply for the de- 

 mand ; still it would be creditable to this Socie- 

 ty and to the .State, that some experiment in the 

 culture of this indispensable vegetable should 

 be conducted in a manner to equal our suc- 

 cess in Indian corn. 



Captain Jonathan Andrews, of East-Green- 

 wich, has raised this year on one fourth of an 

 acre of ground, two hundred busltels of mangel 

 icurlzcl. 



It is regretted that proper measures were 

 not taken to render this a premium crop. Near- 

 ly one thousand bushels of this valuable root 

 have been raised to the acre in Massachusetts. 

 'X'no lonves, which may be plucked often, are 

 lelVeshing and nourishing to hogs. The root 

 itself affords a valuable succulent food for milch 

 cows, at the season when our pastures usually 

 fail, and must be valuable winter food for cattle. 

 A chemical analysis exhibits a greater propor- 

 tion of nutriment in the beet, of which the 

 inangel wurtzel is a species, than in the carrot. 

 Allowing the carrot to possess equal or greater 

 value, the mangel wurtzel, where labor is scarce 

 and dear, has evidently the advantage in field 

 culture. 



Barley has been for some years extensively 

 attacked by a tly, and has become in many 

 parts of the State, a hopeless crop. 



Millet, which had not hitherto been much 

 cultivated in this State, has attracted considera- 

 ble attention, during the present year. It is 

 .stated that this article will produce, under favo- 

 rable circumstances, three tons of good fodder 

 to the acre, and a quantity of grain equal to an in- 

 ferior crop of corn. The grain, except as a 

 substitute for buck-wheat, is not used as food 

 for man, but is said to be valuable lor poultry 

 and hogs. If further experiments should con- 

 lirm the present favorable impressions, millet 

 must become an useful accession to our crops. 

 Having the quality of a hay crop, it saves one 

 year in the conversion of arable to grass land. 

 It is hoped that the successful experiments 

 which have been exhibited to your committee, 

 tho' not numerous, may l)e the means of bring- 

 ing the strong motive of private interest to aid 

 our scheme of general improvement. We may 



reasonably expect, that every year will increase! 

 the mass of produce, which is thrown from the 

 interior on the markets of the sea coast, and 

 that every effort of ingenuity and industry 

 must be employed, to enable us to sustain the 

 competition. We must not only abandon the 

 wasteful system of foddering out, and place in 

 requisition all our resources for manure, but, 

 by increasing the quantity of produce on a giv- 

 en portion of ground, we must effect the only 

 favorable change, of which the rate of labor 

 seems immediately susceptible. 



To plant Indian Corn, extensively, with little 

 or no manure, to hoe in a succeeding crop of 

 rye, to leave the land with little or no seed, 

 and then to expect a rapid restoration of fertil- 

 ity, is asking from nature what the God of na- 

 ture seems to declare that man shall not possess, 

 without exertion. The Being who created 

 such variegated materinls of fertility, without 

 doubt intended them for judicious application. 

 All the cultivated portion of the earth labors, 

 and like an animal, needs food and rest. The 

 effect of this food, and of the rest which is de- 

 rived from a protecting foliage, is not limited 

 to a single effort. It exists through a variety of 

 operations, and resolves itself into an union of 

 beauty and utility, which delights, equally, the 

 eye and the mind. 



SA.MUEL KING, For the Committee. 



Pawtuxet., December 17, 1823. 



\R. I. American. 



We have received, by the kiudneas of a friend, a pam- 

 phlet, containing an Address delivered by Rev. He- 

 man Humphrey, D. D., at his Inauguration to the 

 Presidency of the Collegiate Institution, in Amherst, 

 Mass. from which the following is extracted. We, 

 would with much pleasure have republished the 

 whole Address which has much merit ; but the great- 

 er part is foreign to the principal objects of our paper, 

 and has, moreover, been extensively circulated not 

 only in pamphlets, but in newspapers. 

 " In treating of education, we may advantage- 

 ously divide the subject, into three great branch- 

 es of physical, intellectual and moral improve- 

 ment. Under these heads, we shall include 

 all that is requisite to form a sound and healthy 

 body, a vigorous and well stored mind, and a 

 good heart. If the first of these, or what I 

 choose to call the physical part of education, 

 has not been wholly overlooked, (as it certainly 

 has not,) in the most popular systems, still, it 

 may well be questioned whether it has yet re- 

 cieved that degree of attention, which its im- 

 mense importance demands. 



" Such, in our present condition, is the mysteri- 

 ous connexion between body and mind, that the 

 one cannot act, except on a very limited scale, 

 without the assistance of the other. The im- 

 mortal agent must have an "earthly house" to 

 dwell in ; and it is essential to vigorous and 

 healthful mental operations, that this house 

 should be well built, and that it should be kept in 

 good repair. Now, it is the province of phy.^- 

 ical educaton, to erect thehuilding, and in car- 

 rying it up, to have special reference to its firm- 

 ness and durability ; so that the unseen tenant, 

 who is sent down to occupy it, may enjoy every 

 convenience, and be enabled to work to the very 

 best advantage. 



" That is undoubtedly the wisest and best re- 

 gimen, which takes the infant from the cradle, 



and conducts him along through childhood an 

 youth, up to high maturity, in such a manne 

 as to give strength to his arm, swiftness to b 

 feet, solidity and amplitude to his muscles, syn 

 metry to his frame and expansion to all his v 

 tal energies. It is obviou.s, that this branch ( 

 education, comprehends not only food and clotl 

 ing; but air, exercise, lodging, early risin; 

 and whatever else is requisite to the full devi 

 lopement of the physical constitution. 



" If, then, you would see the son of your pra; 

 ers and hopes, blooming with health, and rejoit 

 ing daily in the lull and sparkling tide ofyouti 

 ful buoyancy : if you wish him to be stroD 

 and athletic and careless of fatigue ; if yo 

 would lit him for hard labor and sale exposui 

 to winter and summer ; or if you would prepai 

 him to sit down twelve hours in a day with Ei 

 did, Enfield and Newton, and still preserve h 

 health, you must lay tiie foundation accordiDj 

 ly. You must begin ivith him early, you mu; 

 teach him self-denial, and, gradually subject hii 

 to such hardships, as will help to consolidal 

 his frame and give increasing energy to a 

 his physical powers. His diet must be simpli 

 his apparel must not be too warm, nor his be 

 too soft. As good soil is commonly so muc 

 cheaper and better for children than medicipi 

 beware of too much restriction in the managi 

 raentofyour darling boy. Let him in choosiw 

 his play, follow the suggestions of nature. 



" Be not discomposed at the sight of his sat 

 hills in the road, his snow forts in February, an 

 his mud-dams in April ; nor when you chanc 

 to look out in the midst of an August showe 

 and see him wading and sailing and sportio 

 along with the water fowl. If you would mat 

 him hardy and fearless, let him go abroad ; i 

 often as he pleases, in his early boyhood, at 

 amuse himself by the hour together, in smoot, | 

 ing and twirling the hoary locks of winter. I I 

 stead of keeping hira shut up all day with | 

 stove, and graduating his sleeping room 1 

 Fahrenheit, let him face the keen edge of tl 

 north wind, when the mercury is below cyphe 

 and instead of minding a little shivering ar 

 complaining" when he returns, cheer up his spi 

 its and send him out again. In this way, yo | 

 will teach him that he was not born to live ij 

 the nursery, nor to brood over the kitche j 

 fire ; but to range abroad as free as the sdo 

 and the air, and to gain ivarmth from exe 

 cise. I love and admire the youth, who tun 

 not back from the howling wintry blast, nc 

 withers under the blaze of summer; who ne\ 

 er magnifies " mole-hills into mountains," bi 

 whose daring eye, exulting, scales the eagle 

 airy crag, and who is ready to undertake an 

 thing that is prudent and lawful, within tb 

 range of possibility. 



"Who would think of planting the mouDtai 

 o.ik in a green house, or of rearing the ceda 

 of Lebanon in a lady's flower pot? Who doe 

 not know that in order to attain their might 

 strength and majestic forms, they must freSl. 

 enjoy the rain and the sunshine, and must fee 

 the rocking of the tempest? Who would thiDl| 

 of raising up a band of Indian warriors', upoij 

 cakes and jellies and beds of down, and ami 

 all the luxuries and ease of wealth and carelu 

 ness. The attempt would be highly preposterou' 

 not to say utterly ridiculous. Very different iatii 

 course which nature points out. It is the plai 

 and scanty fare of these sons of the forest, theii 



