266 



NEW ENGLAND FARMER. 



ceived ivhen you stand under the tree, but that 

 they may represent a uniform head. When 

 preparing the tree, leave the branches sufficient- 

 ly long to allow of two or three inches to be 

 taken off by the saw, that all the splintered 

 parts may be removed. The tree being thus 

 prepared, put in one or two grafts at the ex- 

 tremity of each branch, and put on the cement 

 or composition, and tie with bass or soft strings. 

 Sever the shoots or suckers from the tree un- 

 til the succeeding spring. To make good the 

 deficiency in case some grafts do not succeed, 

 additional grafts may be inserted in the sides of 

 the branches, or where they are wanted to form 

 the tree into a handsome shape." 



Mr. Fairman objects to the mode of grafting 

 at a short distance from the trunk or body of 

 the tree, as the wounds are so large as to re- 

 quire several grafts which cannot tirmly unite 

 and clasp over the stumps, and consequently 

 these wounds lay a foundation for after decay ; 

 or else thej diminish the growth of the tree ; 

 whereas on his plan they will be larger in three 

 or four years th;>.n before the operation. 



BUDDING OR iNoccuLATiNo. This process an- 

 swers the same end as grafting excepting that 

 grafted trees commonly bear fruit sooner than 

 budded trees. Mr. Miller says, " this is com- 

 monly practised upon all sorts of stone fruit in 

 particular, such as peaches, nectarines, cher- 

 ries, plums, k.c. as also upon oranges and jas- 

 mines, and is preferable to any sort of grafting. 

 The method of performing it is as follows : You 

 must be provided with a shari) penknife, having 

 a flat haft the use of which is to raise the bark 

 of the stalk to admit the bud) and some sound 

 bass mat, which should be soaked in water, to 

 increase its strength, and make it more pliable ; 

 then having taken off the cuttings of the trees 

 you are to propagate, you should choose a 

 smooth part of the stock about five or six inch- 

 es above the surface of the ground, if designed 

 for dwarfs ; but if for standards, thoy should be 

 budded six feet above ground ; then with your 

 knife make a horizontal cut across the rind of the 

 stock, and from the middle of that cut make a 

 slit downwards about two inches in length, so 

 that it may be in the form of T ; but you must 

 be careful not to cut too deep, lest you wound 

 the stock. Then having cut off the leaf from 

 the bud, leaving the foot stock remaining, you 

 should make a cross cut about half an inch be- 

 low the eye, and with your knife slit off the bud, 

 with part of the wood to it. This done, you 

 must with your knife pull off that part of the 

 wood which was taken with the bud, observing 

 whether the eye of the bud be left to it or not 

 (for all those buds which lose their eyes in 

 stripping should be thrown away, being good for 

 nothing.) Then having gently raised the bark 

 of the stock where the incision was made, with 

 the flat haft of your penknife, cleave the bark 

 from the wood, and thrust the bud therein, ob- 

 serving to place it smooth between the rind and 

 the wood of the stock, cutting off any part of 

 the rind belonging to the bud, which may be 

 too long for the slit made in the stock : And so 

 having exactly fitted the bud to the stock, you 

 must tie them closely round with bass mat, be- 

 ginning at the under part of the slit, and so pro- 

 ceed to the top, taking care that you do not 

 bind round the eye of the bud, which should be 

 left open. 



"' When your buds have been inoculated three 

 weeks or a month, you will see which of them 

 have taken ; those of them which appear shri- 

 velled and black, being dead, but those which 

 remain fresh and plump you miy depend are 

 joined. At this time you should loosen the ban- 

 dage, which, if not done in time, will pinch the 

 stock, and greatly injure, if not destroy, the bud. 



" The March following" (perhaps April in 

 this country) "you must cut off the stock 

 close to the bud, sloping it that the wet may 

 pass off, and not enter the stock. To this part 

 of the stock, left above the bud, it is very pro- 

 per to fasten the shoot which the bud makes in 

 summer, to secure it from being blown out ; but 

 this part of the stock must continue on no longer 

 than until the bud has acquired strength to sup- 

 port itself, after which it must be cut off close 

 above the bud that the stock may be covered 

 thereby. 



" The lime for inoculating is from the mid- 

 dle of June to the middle of September, accord- 

 ing to the forwardness of the season, and the 

 particular sorts of trees to be inoculated, which 

 may be easily known by trying the buds, whe- 

 ther they will come off well from the wood. 

 But the most general rule is, when you observe 

 the buds formed at the extremity of the same 

 year's shoots, which is a sign of their having' 

 finished their spring growth." — Gardeners Die 



The buds made use of in inoculating shoulj 

 be those which grow on the middle of a younj 

 shoot or scion, taken from the outside of a heal- 

 thy fruitful tree, and one whose fruit is of the best 

 quality. The shoots containing the buds shoulil 

 be gathered in a cloudy day, or an early Cr 

 late (hour should be chosen. Dr. Thatcher 

 says " the buds should be used as sooa after be- 

 ing gathered as possible, and the whole opera- 

 tion should be quickly performed. In taking of 

 the bud from the twig, the knife is inserted a- 

 bout half an inch above it, and a thin slice of 

 the bark, and wood along with it taken off, 

 bringing out the knife about an inch and an 

 half below the bud. This lower part is after- 

 wards shortened and dressed, and the leaf is 

 cut off, the stalk being left about half an inch 

 long. Perhaps it is better to insert the knife 

 about three quarters of an inch fcp/oro the bud, 

 and to cut upwards ; at least this mode is prac- 

 tised in the Scottish nurseries. The portion of 

 wood is then taken out by raising it from the 

 bark, and pulling it downwards or upwards, ac- 

 cording as the cut has been made from above 

 or below. If the extraction of the wood occa- 

 sion a hole at the bud, that bud is spoilt, and an- 

 other must be prepared in its stead; as garden- 

 ers speak, the root of the bud has gone with 

 the wood, instead of remaining with the bark." 



Amherst Collegiate Institution, 



March 12. 1821. 

 TO THE PUBLIC. 

 It having been objected, when a Petition 

 was presented by the Founders and Guardians 

 of this Institution for a College Charter, last 

 Spring, that previous notice had not been giv- 

 en to the Public ; and this objection having 

 lieoii at that time urged as a reason for post- 

 poning the subject to the Winter Session — to 

 prevent the recurrence of the same objection 

 and delay, the Trustees who have the care of 

 the Institution think proper to give notice, that 



a smilar application will be made at the next 

 Selsion of the General Court, and briefly to 

 st^e some of the grounds, on which they hope 

 an) expect that their prayer will be granted.' 



The Trustees feci constrained to renew 

 thHr petition, by a sense of duty to the inter-» 

 eSing Seminary which Providence has put 

 uijder their care, by a regard to the high^ 

 tijist reposed in them by its benevolent Foua 

 Ars, and from a conviction, that even the. 

 ^ortest delay would disappoint the reasonable) 

 fishes and expectations of thousands, in al-- 

 ijiost every part of the Commonwealth. They 

 are, moreover, greatly encouraged to perse- 

 \trp, from the consideration that one branch 

 o:' the Legislature was decidedly in their fa- 

 v)r at the last Session, and that there was 

 itearly an equal division in the other. Many;, 

 tiey are persuaded, have heretofore oppose^ 

 tie Institution, from honest, but mistake; 

 views of its character and prospects, who wil 

 iereafter be found among its warmest friends 

 nor can they for a moment doubt, that a ful 

 understanding of facta, will secure the sanctio| 

 of Government, and the general approbatic| [ 

 of the public. 



While the Trustees explicitly di.sclaim 

 intentional interference, with the rights and i: 

 torcsts of other Colleges, and intend to rel 

 their application for a Charter, on the bro; 

 basis of the Constitution and the public goqi 

 thoy respectfully ask the attention of a cani 

 and enlightened Public to the followin; 

 sider.itions. — 



1st. Another College is wanted in Mas^ 

 chusetts. The interest and lionor of the Statt 

 demand it. This has long been felt by m^ 

 whose numbers and intelligence entitle th^K 

 to be heard on any subject ; and that thw 

 now carry with them the public sentiment, 

 more and more apparent every month. Mai 

 sachusetts at this moment, furnishes nearljr 

 sufficient number of students for three C(«| 

 leges ; and the number is annually increasi 

 Of the 569, now furnished by the State, mi 

 than three hundred are actuallii in CoUegeaf^i 

 other States and at Amherst. AVhy is this, if^ttl* 

 have Colleges enough in the State alreai 

 The fact that less than /(ai/' our students, 

 Cambridge and Williamstown is decisive. 



2nd. It seems to be admitted on all haoi 

 that if another College is chartered, it shM 

 be located not far from Connecticut RiTf 

 and near the centre of "• old Hampshire 

 Farther west it certainly should not go, and 

 carry it much farther east^ would place it 

 near to Cambridge. If therefore, nothin; 



yet been done towards the eslablishmei 

 11 College in this section of the State, Amf 

 would present itself as a spot of most ft 

 able location. As it respects other Coll 

 it is remarkably central — being about 90 

 from Harvard University, 90 from Bi 

 University, R. I., 90 miles from Yale Coi 

 95 from Union College, N. Y^, 55 

 Williams, and 100 from Dartmouth, 

 Amherst, moreover, is situated about 52 

 from the western line of the State, (il 

 heart of the old county of Hampshire, 

 furnishes this year 130 College Studaj 

 and is equally distant from New-Hamp 

 the north, and Connecticut on 

 outh. Add to this, the means of livinj 



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