NEW ENGLAND FARMER. 



325 



. and bear well. If our grounds are al- 

 lich and loose about the trees, part of it 

 removed in the first warm spell, as will- 

 ow off; and ne may plant some shrubbery 

 :iring? early about their roots, such as 

 ,-rry bushes or current bushes, or honey 

 Livics or running box; or lay on in place of 

 e rich ground, some sods from poor ground — 

 rhaps some boards or long manure laid on the 

 ots in the severity of winter and moved off 

 e first warm season, might back the Juices— 

 irious experiments might be made to restiain 

 direst the too free and early circulation. — 

 he rearing of two trees nearly in contact, 

 i^ing them the espalier form) might answer. 

 is clear then, that pear trees, and peach trees 

 ould not approach each other, for the former 

 II require treatment exactly reverse of the 

 ler, and I believe in all the knife should nev- 

 be used after a tree bears fruit, unless some 

 :ident makes it necessary, as in the animal. 

 SILVANUS. 



im the LondoQ Journal of Arts and Sciences, for 

 March, 18'i4. 



Perkins'' Steam Engine. — It was our intention 

 have remained silent upon the subject of 

 rkins' improved engine, until the ultimate 

 lerimenis had been exhibited ; but the re- 

 ifed inquiries which are daily made relative 

 lis interesting invention, induce us to com- 

 llnicaie such information as we are enabled 

 ftn time to time to collect. The public have 

 Abtless considered that the silence which has 

 fcsome time prevailed upon this interesting 

 (iject, must be construed into a tacit acknow- 

 Jljment that the project has failed. It is ac- 

 wledged that such an inference is warrant- 

 but when a reasonable cause is stated, per- 

 s the nearly exhausted patience of the sci- 

 fic world may, for a short time longer, be 

 t from sinking. The fact is, that al'ter all 

 endeavors which had been made to construct 

 erator, none had been produced which 

 lid hold the steam under its great pressure, 

 iiout very considerable leakage at the joints 

 rivets. This necessarily reduced the pow- 

 vhich a perfect vessel would have been ca- 

 e of exerting, and under these circumstan- 

 Mr. Perkins declined producing an imper- 

 experiment, which would have gone to 

 public as his ultimatum, 

 his difficulty is now removed, a generator 

 ng been at length produced, of wrought iron 

 out any seam or rivets, which, has, we un- 

 tand, been proved to sustain the enormous 

 ncredible pressure of twenty thousand 

 ds upon every inch of its surface. This very 

 aordinary and unique piece of workmanship 

 been made by Mr. James Russell, of 

 nesbury, and is considered by Mr. Perkins 

 ive surmounted all his practical difficulties, 

 he objections which have been urged 

 (,l((ij ast this new engine, as to the little power 

 s been supposed to exert, have met by Mr. 

 ith some very extraordinary experiments, 

 biting its projectile force compared to gun- 

 ler. A small apparatus has been construct- 

 vhich we may call a steam gun ; this, when 

 ected with the generator, was found to pro- 

 bullets of the ordinary musket size, at the 

 of 240 per minute, and with such force, 

 ifter passing through an inch deal, the ball, 

 jriking against an iron target, became fiat- 



e.^ 



tened on one side, and spread out; the original 

 diameter of the bullets was, 650 of an inch ; — 

 when picked up, after striking the iron target, 

 I hey were plane convex 1,070 wide, and 0,290 

 thick. 



It is presumed that these experiments (what- 

 ever may be the ulterior advantages of steam- 

 guns) are sufficient to prove that the steam pro- 

 duced by Mr. Perkins' new mode has sufficient 

 power to impel any machinery to which it may 

 be adapted. We hope in our next, or at least, 

 at a very early period, to be enabled to speak 

 satisfactorily of the steam-engine. 



ON THE CULTURE OF ROSE BU.5HES. 

 Translated from the Frtnch,for the Old Col. Memorial. 



Roses are increased by seed, buds, layers or 

 shoots, and by graft on other rose bushes. 



The rose from liie seed comes slowly ; it 

 diversifies varieties. 



The most usual method to multiply roses is by 

 buds and layers. 



Grafting succeeds better than budding with the 

 choicest roses. 



Plant not rose bushes either during frosts or 

 great heat. 



Dry earth causes more fragrance, and higher 

 and stronger colors. 



Moist earth larger roses, less colour, and 

 slower and later growth. 



The rose will not flourish in pots or boxes, on 

 account of its numerous roots. 



The blooming of yellow roses may be antici- 

 pated, by pulling off the buds and leaving but a 

 few. 



The hundred leaved rose will not flourish in 

 the shade. 



The white double rose stifles the growth of 

 those near it ; particularly the yellow rose. 



Pruning agrees generally with every species 

 of rose, except the yellow and the musk-rose. 



If rose bushes are watered with a ley made 

 from the ashes of burnt rose bushes the salts con- 

 tained in it will wonderfully contribute to their 

 growth. 



From the American Journal of Arts and Sciences, 

 For June 1823. 



Geological Survey of North Carolina. — We 

 understand that Professor Olmstead of the 

 University of North Carolina, will soon com- 

 mence a series of geological and mineralog- 

 ical observations, intended, eventually, to 

 comprehend a scientific survey of the State. 

 From the known intelligence, zeal, and sci- 

 entific attainments of Professor Olmstead, we 

 cannot doubt, that if adequately encouraged, 

 the enterprise will produce very important 

 advantages to science, agriculture, and the 

 other useful arts; and will prove highly hon- 

 orable to the very respectable State of North 

 Carolina. In no way, in our apprehension, 

 could the same sum of money be more use- 

 fully expended ; and it would be no small 

 honor to have set the first example of the 

 scientific survey of an entire American State. 

 We hope then to see the next edition of the 

 map of North Carolina,* present at least, the 

 leading features of geology and mineralogy. It 

 would be very desirable also, that the Botany 

 and if practicable, the Zoology of the country 

 should be investigated at the same time. 



* Price and Strother's map of North Carolina, froai 

 actual survey, has great merit. 



RECIPES. 

 To make Mead. — Take the white of twelve 

 eggs, mix them well in twenty-four gallons of 

 water, to this put forty pounds of honey. Boil 

 the whole one hour; then put in a little gin- 

 ger, and a little cloves, or cinnamon, or macn, 

 or pimento, or a very small quantity of each, as 

 may be convenient. When the Mead is cold, 

 add a spoonful of yeast, and pour it into a 

 cask, which should be full that it may work out 

 at the bung. When the fermentation is over, 

 close the cask, and put it into a cellar or vault, 

 where no changes in the atmosphere will affect 

 it. When it has stood six or eight months it 

 will be fit for use, and may be bottled off. — 

 Some prefer to omit (he spices, which may be 

 done, and good Mead still be made. 



Composition to be vsed instead of Yeast. — To 

 make eight quarts of this composition, boil in 

 common water eight pounds of potatoes, as for 

 eating; bruise them perfectly smooth, and mix 

 with them, whilst warm, two ounces of honey, 

 or any other sweet, and one quart (being the 

 eighth part of a gallon of yeast) of common yeast. 

 And, for making bread, mix three beer pints of 

 the above composition with a bushel of flour, 

 using warm water in making the bread ; the 

 water to be warmer in winter than in summer ; 

 and the composition to be used in a few hours 

 after it is made ; and as soon as the sponge (the 

 mixture of the composition with the flour) be- 

 gins to fall the first time, the bread should he 

 made and put in the oven. 



Method of curing bad Tub Butter. — A quantity 

 of tub butter was brought to market in the West 

 Indies, which, on opening, was found to be very 

 bad, and almost stinking. A native of Pennsyl- 

 vania undertook to cure it, which he did, in 

 the following maner : — 



He started the tubs of butter in a large quan- 

 tity of hot water, which soon melted the butter : 

 he then skimmed it off as clean as possible, and 

 worked it over again in a churn, and with the 

 addition of salt and fine sugar, the butter was 

 sweet and good. 



To keep Oranges and Lemons. — Take small sand 

 and make it very dry ; after it is cold put a quan- 

 tity of it into a clean vessel ; then take your 

 oranges, and set a laying of them in the same, 

 the stalk end downwards, so that they do not 

 touch each other, and strew in some of the 

 sand, as much as will cover them two inches 

 deep; then set your vessel in a cold place, and 

 you will find your fruit in high preservation at 

 the end of several months. — Late English Pub- 

 lication. = 



Improved Corks for preserving Wine or Che- 

 mical Liquors. — Melt together two parts of 

 white wax and one part of beef suet ; dip your 

 corks in this mixture, and immediately dry them 

 in a stove upon an iron plate ; repeat this opera- 

 tion twice, and the corks thus prepared will 

 preserve any liquor well without imparting anj 

 ill flavour thereto. 



James Murray, fishing in the Clyde, caught a 

 very large codfish, weighing 17 lbs. 4 oz. in the 

 gut of which he found a gold watch, bearing 

 the inscription, on a paper in the case of it, 

 " Hugh Davies, of Wrexham ;" there was a 

 chain and seal attached to the watch. 



