NEW ENGLAND PARMER. 



_347 



inion, the best burned substance which can be: as it is not necessary tlmt neatness should be I it, when Uie horse has been going very fast 



Diluced, the manure the most replete with it j observed, five or six men could erect one in a Perhaps it is best (o fix yourself firm, and re- 

 ist be the most valuable. Now there are two; day. The walls however, when made of sods, main in (he carriasfe. 

 tiers to be ascertained before this theory can | should be beat close with the spade, in order to 

 admitted: — 1st, Is lime a s;reater lertilizer pievent them from drawing air, by which the 

 soils in general than torrefied earth? and 2dly, j burning of the kiln would be much retarded, 

 liother in the process burning any subsoil The successful burning of these kilns chiefly 

 lich has a large portion of calcareous earth, [depends on the judicious manner in which the 

 ; etfect which should be produced by torre- j kindling is placed in lliem and the sods laid on 

 ition would be counteracted if there were aiif- the fire ; for they are not to be dressed With 

 lent fire applied to reduce the calcareous any combustible matter alternately, as is the 

 •tides to lime? case when the subsoil is burning. The entire 



'^irsi. — Lime being established as a valuable loper-ition is performed by ihe heat from the 

 lication on many soils, it would be no easy I body of the kiln passing through the interstice^ 

 Iter to persuade those who have not tried, of the sods, and which are formed by laying 

 ned eartli ds a substitute, that it possesses them loosely and openly on the top of each 

 re fertilizing properties ; but then experi- ] other. It is therefore advisable, that the sods 

 e,by which all must be governed,has convinc- j used for the purpose of dressing the kiln, should 

 ue that this letter substance is by far more val- 1 be cut as square and lumpy as possible, and of 



!e on m >ny soils, th.in lime. I have tried it on 

 ng cl.»v?, on light soils, and on moory soils, 

 ill of which it produced good crops of pota- 

 and turnips, and afterwards corn? and, in 

 instance in particular, where lime had been 



Iied ineffectually, a dressing of burned clay 

 e the land yield most abundantly. Lime 

 stimulates and pulverises the soil ; where- 

 urned earth not only possesses those pto- 



a size that they can be easily handled, so as to 

 lay them on the kiln carefully : — loose earth 

 should not be thrown in on any account. 



The best materials for lighting the kilns are, 

 turf and coarse lumber ; but where those cannot 

 be procured, any kind of brushwood and coals 

 may be substituted with effect ; but the fire 

 should be made stronger in those kilns than 

 when subsoil is to be burned. It will be neces- 

 ies, but contains in itself enriching and ve- sary to lay on the sods very expeditiously on the 

 ble qualities. The following experiments tire being properly kindled ; otherwise the 

 serve to corroborate these assertions. combustible materials would be exhausted before 



I a wheat stubble (the soil a'lighl sandy a sutlicient quantity of the sods was heated : and 

 ) which I had gravelled as a preparation on this chiet^y depends the successful burning 



lat crop I sowed barley in the followin 

 g, the land being winter fallowed, and in 

 I tilth ; part of the field I dressed with burn- 

 ly in compost. The crop was sown, and 

 id on both parts equally alike ; but the 

 )n of the field on which the burned earth 

 pplied produced by far the best quality of 

 , and also a greater quantity to the acre. 

 a moory field, which I prepared for a po- 

 crop, I applied a heavy dressing of strong 

 ind lime compost, (not considering the 

 ufficiently strong to lake pure lime with 



of the kiln. For this reason, it would be neces 

 sary to light them early in the day, in order 

 that they may be well covered before sun set. 

 In dressing them, the sods should be laid close 

 to the walls ; and the centre kept a little elevat- 

 ed ! and those points where the fire breaks out 

 strongest, should be heavily covered, as the 

 kiln would be exhausted by permitting the 

 smok? to pass loo rapidly away. 



Fly Water. — Most of the fly wafers, and oth- 

 er preparailons commonly sold for the destruc- 



tage ;) part of the field remained undres- tio" of flies, are variously disguised poisons. 



ntil May, for want of stuff to lay on, and, 

 ng late in the season, my farm yard dung 

 I consumed. I therefore, had no alterna- 

 t to prepare some burned earth, by dig- 

 |lhe head lands, which was laid on the re- 

 er of the field about the 20th of May, and 

 es planted. The result was most encoii- 

 9:1 the crop on this part of the field being 

 than where the lime and clay had been 

 ,.|d. 



all now proceed to show the mode of 

 ing the surface, or upper soil, so as to 

 B very valuable manure. Head lands 

 tillage fields are the principal source 

 hich to obtain earth for this purpose ; let 

 ure be what it may, if it adheres to the 

 when dug, it can be torrefied in a kiln 

 if sods, in the manner I have already de- 

 ; but, then, the principle on which 

 jsJiods are burned being different from that 

 pl^aring subsoil for this purpose, it is ne- 



to state the process minutely. 

 ]e kilns be made of sods they may be 

 liately lighted on being finished ; but if 



Remedies for the Stings nf Bees. — The apfdic.i- 

 tion of lauilanum gives immediate relief, and a 

 strong solution of salt in water is also recommend- 

 ed. Careshonld, however, be taken in the fiist 

 place to extract the sting of the bee with a stea- 

 dy hand, for if any part of it breaks in, reme- 

 dies will be much less effectual than they would 

 otherwise prove. 



The Stone. — It appears that the French sur- 

 geons have obtained a triumph most ht)norable 

 for themselves, and most precious to humanity, 

 Civiale has succeeded in curing the disorder of 

 the stone without the operation of cutting. ^ — 

 His method consists in '.he introduction of an in- 

 strument, which seizes the stone, then crushes 

 it, and reduces it to powder. This ingenious 

 process is far less afflicting, and does not com- 

 promise the existence or even the health of 

 patients. — Paris paper. 



dangerous and even fatal to the human species; 

 such as solutions of mercury, arsenic, &.c. mix- 

 ed with honey or syrup. The following pre- 

 paration, however, without endangering the 

 lives of children, or other incautious persons, is 

 not less fatal to flies than even a solution of ar- 

 senic. Dissolve two drachms of the extract of 

 quassia, in half a pint of boiling water ; and 

 adding a little sugar, or syrup, pour the mixture 

 on plates. To this enticing food the flies are 

 extremely partial, and it never fails to destroy 

 them. 



Remedies against Fleas. — Fumigation with 

 brimstone, or the fresh leaves of penny-royal 

 sewed in a bag, and laid io the bed, will have 

 the desired effect. 



Best Mode of avoiding the fatal Accidents of 

 open Carriages. — Jumping out is particularly 

 dangerous (the motion of the gig communicat- 

 ing .1 different one to the one you give yourself 

 by jumping,) which tends very much to throw 

 you on your side or head : many suppose it very 

 and" straw, they should be permitted to (easy to jump a little forward, and alight safe ; 

 fore it is applied. Any labouring man, ''is supposition; they will not find it so on tri- 

 jiabit of building huts with sods or other- al. The method of getting out behind the car- 

 iQ prepare a kiln without difficulty ; and ' riage is the most safe of any, having often tried 



From the Columbian Centiacl. 

 Mr. Russell — Much has been said and written 

 the existing laws requiring the Imprisonment 

 of debtors, as not only barbarous, but ineffectu- 

 al for rendering the desired benefit to creditors. 

 A general proclamation has been made through- 

 out the country for the abolishment of Imprison- 

 ment for Debt, but a substitute therefor has 

 never been presented to (he public, and very 

 dangerous consequences must inevitably atleml 

 the annihilation of the present existing laws, 

 without some judicious provision instead ; and 

 a disinterested effort has been made by an indi- 

 vidual ef this city, eminent for his <a/en/s and in- 

 tegrity, who lias devoted about six months of 

 close application to the subject of devising a 

 system which shall more effectually secure jus- 

 ticc to the creditor, and protect the debtor from im- 

 prisonment ; and the result of his labors is just 

 completed in manuscript ; with a perusal of 

 which, I have been indulged, and of its well 

 uarded provisions I am delighted and pleased. 

 While it appears to protect the creditor as com- 

 pletely from the fraudulent artifices, as human 

 art can devise, it is equally effectual in its leni- 

 ent provisions for protecting the honest, oppres- 

 sed debtor from disgrace and imprisonment. A 

 method for designating the honest from the frau- 

 dulent debtor, which the sufferings of society 

 have imperiously demanded, is admirably en- 

 grafted into this syst^i. 



A critical review of the work, would occupy 

 many pages for recording just commendations, 

 and in pointing out the complete revolution and 

 the beneficial influence it would produce in the 

 morals of society. 



The author of this system is Benjamin Dear- 

 born, Esq. tmho deserves well of his country for 

 many useful improvements in the arts, and 

 whose life has been almost incessantly devoted 

 toward promoting the interest of the communi- 

 ty, and alleviating the distressed and wants of 

 the suffering and oppressed. 



I do most sincerely hope that th« system will 

 sho'.'ly be published from the proceeds oi' ;i ge- 

 nerous subscription, which sha!l enable a very 

 extensive circulation, at least tbrnugh the Unit- 

 ed States, and be duly appreciated by an enligh- 

 tened public. !. 



