II. 



BOSTON, SATURDAY, JULY 21, llJ'it. 



No. 52. 



Corrrs^jtjutjcncr. 



/)i Reduction, 

 1st. Reduce the contents of si circle I>y hr.v- 

 To the Editor of the A'tw England Farmer, 1 inef the (ii:\meter pivcn to n ])urr:illelogr;im, a 



Sir. I ;itn in hopes that thf f;istern sjcntle- right-angled triangle, an ohliqiie angled triangle, 



en of observation may pu'^Iish their remarks land a square; each of the same contents as the 



on the elTecIs of the late untimely IVosts on the 



lifferent kinds of garden vegetabies, apples, &.c. 



or as far as 1 can yet observe, i perceive there 



3 r\ material difference, and that seeds of the 



me kind, obtained from the northward ivith- 



tood the frosts and cold beUer than those from 



he southward. If it was generally known n hat 



<inds are best to withstand i-.old, a proper and 



imely attention to raise more of such kinds, 



vouUi in some measure prevent so general or 



real a loss in future .^s has been experienced 



bis season, should such frosts and cold seasons 



"■ain visit us. At present I do not consider the 



aason far enough advanced to make such re- 



larks as fully as may be done in autumn, yet the 



regress of vegetation should be daily'observed. 



1 I have observed in your paper^No. 47, an 



idvertisemcDt of the branches of science to be 



lught in the Gardiner Lyceum ; and amongst 



hers Surveying, Protracting, and Dividing of 



and. Measuring timber. Carpenters' -jDork, I'S-c. 



'hose branches were formerly my professional 



asiness, and every farmer ought to understand 



iw to measure or divide his lands ; and so much 



mechanics as to lay out, and construct[his own 



jildings, mills, or implements ol husbandry. 



1 would wish to correspond with any of the 



ofessors on those subjects, through ihe medi- 



n of your paper, that it may be beneficial Ic 



ch ot' the rising generation as are not circum- 



inced to attend proper schools or lecture: 



I consider my new invented science ol Seini 



n/Hc^ry (although it may yet be in the cradle) 



be a desideratum in those branches. It simpli- 



s, and obviates the necessity of any difficult 



Iculation*:, and 1 have no doubt, if generally 



duced to practice, would render most calcu- 



ions as obsolete as the rules of Vulgar Frac- 



ns would be to add dollars and cents together. 



Any irregular shaped field may be surveyed 



Ih a rod pole, protracted on a smooth board, 



ih a carpenter's square and compasses and 



> contents found in one sum, without regard 



the courses or any calculation whatever — or 



ided in any form that every farmer may learn 



be his own surveyor with such cheap in- 



jments. 



Semi Geometry considers the contents of all 

 "^ I ds of geometrical Figures as numbers, teaches 

 vv to reduce any form to any other of the 

 le contents to find the contents or to add, sub- 

 :t, multiply, or divide them by each other in 

 Rule of Three and find the true proportional, 

 obtain an ansiver in any given regular form 

 hout knowing the contents, without any cal- 

 Ation whatever, simply, by a plain scale of 

 < ,al parts and pair of dividers. 

 Che difficulty in publishing the problems is 

 have circles printed without the expense of 

 ravings. Some simple, easy questions in 

 ich the diagrams of the answer will not re- 

 e circles, 1 may add to this account of the 

 ;nce. 



^.K^' 



circle without any calculation 



For Rod-pole Surveying. 



2d. Suppose 1 have a true draught of any ir- 

 icguhir five sided field, say by :r scale of 30 to 

 the inch what is the true contents in one sura 

 without any calculation ? 



To divide land by Rod-pole Surveying. 



3d. Suppose a man has a large pasture-lot in 

 an oblique triangle of any proportion or di- 

 mensions. On any point in the hypothenuse, 

 there is a pond of water, and he wants it divid- 

 ed into five equal parts each to corner together 

 in the water. How am 1 to so divide it with 

 no other instruments than a rod-pole, and car- 

 penters' square and compasses ? 



If these questions are not answered in three 

 months after insertion, life and health permit- 

 ting, I will send diagrams, and the answers 

 all in straight lines that may he printed with 

 precepts for the drawing of them. Or I would 

 correspond »vith any gentleman on the subject 

 provided it is through the medium of your pa- 

 per for the benefit of the rising generation, and 

 not from any motive of banter or vanity. 



SAMUEL PRESTON. 



Stockport, Pa. July 10, 1321. 



BUTTF.R. 

 To the Editor nfihe jYeif England Farmer, 



SiR^ — Should the following remarks relative 

 to butter, meet your approbation, you are at li- 

 berty to publish them in your valuable paper. 



Butter is a necessary and important article for 

 family use, and no householder thinks his stock 

 of provision complete without a good supply 

 thereof With many of our farmers this article 

 may properly be considered a staple commodi- 

 ty and a principal source of wealth. And not- 

 withstanding the low price it bears in the mar- 

 ket, the continual wants of the people make a 

 constant demand for it, so that the seller is al- 

 ways sure of finding a vent at some rate or other. 

 In order to make good butter a few things 

 are essentially necessary and ought always to 

 be observed. The best cows should be select- 

 ed, regard being had to the quality and not the 

 quantity of milk which they give. In summer 

 they should have plenty of sweet feed and dur- 

 ing the winter be kept upon the best of English 

 hay. They should always be milked, if possible 

 by the same person, and the one who milks 

 ought ever to be careful to milk them perfect- 

 ly clean as the strippings or that last drawn is 

 much the richest and best. Milk, v;hen taken 

 from the cow should be immediately strained in- 

 to broad shallow pans and placed if the weather 

 be hot, in as cool a situation as possible as this 

 will cause the cream to rise sooner and render 

 it somewhat better than if placed in a milder 

 temperature. 



Every thing that is used about the milk or 

 cream should Le kept perfectly clean aod sweet 



and the churning performed before the cream 

 becomes sour or changed by reason of age. 



As soon as the butter is taken from the chum 

 it should be moderately salted and afterward* 

 worked over several times in order that every 

 particle of the buttermilk may be separated 

 iVom it. The want of caution here is probably 

 much oftener the cause of bad butter than the 

 want of more salt as very little of this will 

 preserve it when thoroughly cleansed. 



. The tub or firkin into which butter is to be 

 packed down, if new, should be filled with wa- 

 ter and soaked several days, then emptied and 

 welt scalded with boiling whey, and then tho- 

 roughly dried. 



After the cask is thus prepared the inside 

 should be well rubbed over with salt, when the 

 butter may he put down, being careful not to 

 fill the tub so full as to have I'he lid or cover 

 touch the top of it, which will tend to melt 

 the salt which should be sprinkled over the but- 

 ter, and thereby cause it to taint and spoil. 



The practice of colouring butter ougtit to be 

 reprobated and abandoned, and even prohibit- 

 ed by law. No one will pretend that it is any 

 better in point of tase or fiavor for being facti- 

 tiously coloured, and \vhy should the health 

 and lives of people be endangered by such de- 

 ception. It is a notorious fact lb.it butter of 

 this description will command a higher price in 

 market than that which is equally as good or 

 better in every point excepting that it is un- 

 polluted and in its native state. 



>\'hy do people who depend on the market 

 for their daily supply give the preference to 

 butter of this description, and thereby encour- 

 age knavery and deception to the injury of 

 those who are just and upright. 



A candid, honest man would rather sell his 

 butter lor half its value, than make use of de- 

 ception and intiigue for the sake of getting an 

 extra price. In all cases honesty is the best 

 policy and every wise man will adhere strictly 

 thereto and eventually it will turn to his advan- 

 tage. CULTIVATOR. 

 IVorccster County, July, 1824. 



BY THE EDITOR. We wish that our cultivators 

 would try the following receipt by Dr. Anderson for 

 preserving butter. 



' Take two parts of common salt, one of brown su- 

 gar, and one of salt petre ; beat them together so as 

 to blend the whole completely, and apply one ounce of 

 this to every pound of butter ; work it well in the 

 mass, and close it up for use." 



" This," says the Farmer's Assistant, " will cost 

 about a cent a pound more than by curing butter in 

 the usual way ; but its peculiar excellence is that but- 

 ter thus cured will keep sweet for two or three years ; 

 and its tase is much superior to that which is cured in 

 (he common way. It must not, however, be used 

 sooner than a month after it has been laid down, as it 

 does not acquire that rich marrowy taste, until about 

 that length of time. Butter, cured in this way, and 

 laid down for winter use, will then be found worth at 

 least twenty-five per cent, more than that cured by 

 salt alone." 



Tlie naafro! colour of butter depends chi'- fly, if not 



