1910.] PUBLIC DOCUMENT — No. 31. 207 



The constituents of apples, soluble in water, include the 

 sugars, acids and doubtless some others of minor importance. 

 These are lowest in i^ova Scotia and highest in Oklahoma, and 

 samples from intermediate points are generally between these 

 figures in so far at least as determined. 



The percentage of insoluble matter, which consists of pectin, 

 cellulose and possibly starch and allied substances, are in gen- 

 eral inversely proportional to those of soluble matter, being 

 highest in the north and lower in the more southern part of 

 the range of the variety. 



Color. 

 The body color was, as a rule, closely correlated with the 

 degree of ripeness of the fruit, the riper the apple the more 

 yellowish in color. Aside from this, no variation was noted. 

 The depth of overcolor was closely correlated with latitude, 

 the farther north the deeper the color, and the variation was 

 from a pale pinkish red in Arkansas to a deep crimson in the 

 extreme north. The amount of overcolor did not seem to be 

 dependent on latitude but was probably controlled largely by 

 local conditions. The overcolor was especially good on the 

 Pacific coast apples and on those from Colorado, Pennsylvania 

 and Indiana, though in case of the last it was rather dull. The 

 disposition of the color showed no striking variation. The 

 mottling ran together into a blush on highly colored specimens, 

 and there were always more or less stripes and splashes present. 

 Probably all the russet that aj^peared was caused by Bordeaux 

 mixture. 



Bloom. 

 The amount of bloom seemed to be rather less in the north 

 than in the south and on the Pacific coast. The nature of the 

 bloom, whether waxy or greasy, seemed to depend largely on the 

 maturity of the fruit. 



Shm. 



The skin was generally thicker in the south and west than 



in the northern localities. The texture did not vary greatly. 



The surface of the fruit varied much, but this seemed to be 



brought about by local conditions, and most of the roughness 



