208 EXPERIMENT STATION. [Jan. 



was due to Bordeaux mixture. The specially dull rough sur- 

 face of the Massachusetts specimens was probably due to a 

 heavy ai^plieation of nitrate of soda the previous year. 



Dots. 



The size and color of the dots was variable, but the number 

 and form were quite constant, and they were always very slightly 

 raised above the surface of the apple. They are generally very 

 small in the extreme north and become quite constantly larger 

 as one goes south, being largest in the southwest and in Colorado. 

 Almost all specimens showed some dots with russet and some 

 without. Aside from this they are generally lighter in the north 

 and more gray or yellowish toward the south. 



Cavity. 



The variation in the size of the cavity was marked. It was 

 small and very shallow in the extreme northeast, of medium 

 depth in the central and south central States and very deep in 

 the Ozarks and in Colorado and California. It was very nar- 

 row in the Ozarks and generally wide in other localities. In 

 cross-section there was little significant variation except that the 

 cavity was generally more smooth and regular in southern- 

 grown specimens. 



Stem. 



The stem presented little of interest. It was extremely vari- 

 able in length and size, but the variation was nearly as great 

 Ix'tween specimens of almost any one lot as between those of 

 different lots. The variability was perhaps greater in northern- 

 grown api:)les than in those grown farther south. 



Basin. 

 The remarks concerning the variation of the cavity " will 

 apply almost as well to the basin. A noticeable variation was 

 the tendency towards a five-crowned fruit in Nova Scotia and 

 to a less degree in neighboring regions. This was also seen in 

 some degree in specimens from British Columbia, but was less 

 pronounced. Tliis tendency towards a pentagonal form ex- i 

 tends more or less to the whole apple, giving somewhat of a 



