GRAPE PESTF 13 



keeping this insect in check, especiallj- in commercial vineyards. Unsj'stematic 

 pruning which does not remove a large portion of the old canes favors the estab- 

 lishment of the grape plume moth. 



Hand-picking of the larvae and nests, or crushing the caterpillars in the nests, 

 is the most common treatment used on "backyard" vines. This kills many of 

 of the insects but does not prevent infestations from developing each year. 



Lead arsenate has failed to control the grape plume moth in home vineyards 

 either when applied especially to kill this insect or in a regular schedule to com- 

 bat other insect pests of the grape. 



The most satisfactory control has been obtained by spraying with oil emuls'on 

 or sodium dinitro cresylate to kill the eggs. Oil emulsion was effective when 

 diluted to 3 percent actual oil in the finished spray. Sodium dinitro cresylate 

 was effective when diluted to 1 percent. In both laboratory and field experiments 

 sodium dinitro cresylate was ineffective at a J^ percent dilution, and a IJ^ 

 percent dilution was not significantly more effective than a 1 percent dilution. 

 The application should be made about April 15 when the buds are still dormant. 

 No injury to the vines was observed where any of the insecticides was used. 



LITERATURE CITED 



1. Abbott, W. S. A method of computing the effectiveness of an insecticide. 



Jour. Econ. Ent. 18 (2) :265-267. 1925. 



2. Britton, W. E. The grape plume moth. 14th Rpt. of the State Ento- 



mologist of Connecticut (1914):190. 1915. 



3. Fitch, Asa. Trans. N. Y. Agr. Soc. XIX:843. 1854. 



4. Husmann, Gus C. Grape propagation, pruning and training. U. S. Dept. 



Agr. Farmers' Bui. 471. 1932. 



5. Lintner, J. A. The gartered plume-moth. 12th Rpt. of the State Ento- 



mologist on the Injurious and Other Insects of the State of New York 

 for the Year 1896, pp. 218-222. 1896. 



6. Muesebeck, C. F. VV., and Dohanian, S. M. A study in hyperparasitism, 



with particular reference to the parasites of Apanteles melanoscelus 

 (Ratzeburg). U.S. Dept. Agr. Dept. Bui. 1487, April 1927. 



7. Common names of insects approved by the American Asso- 

 ciation of Economic Entomologists. 1940. 



8. Packard, A. S. Insects injurious to forest and shade trees. 5th Rpt. 



U. S. Ent. Comm. p. 85. 1890. 



9. Pettit, R. H. The principal grape insects of Michigan. Mich Agr. Expt. 



Sta. Spec. Bui. 239:16. 1933. 



10. Quaintance, A. L., and Shear, C. L. Insect and fungous enemies of the 



grape. U. S. Dept. Agr. Farmers' Bui. 1220:24-25. 1921. 



11. Sears, F. C. Grape growing in Massachusetts. Mass. State Col. Ext. 



Leaf. 64. 1938. 



12. Slingerland, M. V., and Crosby, C. P. Manual of fruit diseases. The 



Macmillan Co. pp. 422-423. 1922. 



13. Smith, J. B. Economic entomology. Lippincott & Co. p. 318. 1896. 



14. Surface, H. A. Pests and their treatment — The grape plume moth. Pa. 



Dept. Agr. Bimo. Zool. Bui. 1 (1):35. 1911. 



15. Whitcomb, W. D., and Tomlinson, Wm. E., Jr. The grape plume moth. 



Jour. Econ. Ent. 33 (2):372-374. 1940. 



