1854, 



NEW ENGLAND FARMER. 



207 



narrow and shade butlittle, but when fully grown, 

 they should be plowfxl in while they cont<iin the 

 most esculent matter ; this will lighten and en- 

 rich for the next crop, wliich should be put on as 

 soon as possible; should the land be adapted to 

 rye, sow immediately, let it stand until the next 

 June, then plow and sow buckwheat again, and 

 so continue until your land will stock with clover; 

 then you may remove, as Mr. Cross says, but 

 don't sell it to be presstvi and go to Massachusetts, 

 as is the practice herein Vermont, where it grows 

 near enough to be done with reasonable transpor- 

 tation to the line of the Railroad. Here is a new 

 and alarming source of impoverishment to our 

 farmers; hay, grain and vegetables, are grown on 

 purpose to be sent out of the country, and this is a 

 new source of inipovei-ishment to our soil. I wisli 

 some able pen would take this evil up and show it 

 more fully to our farmers ; they think they are 

 making money by farming, because they pocket 

 ^100 more, now, by selling off their hay, grain 

 and potatoes, than when they spent it on their 

 farms, when, in reality, they impoverish their lands 

 in a ratio that will alarm them a few years hence, 

 and leave them with a worthless farm, or nearly 

 80. A Vermonter. 



CLASSIFICATION OF MANURES. 



The following classification is taken for Stock- 

 hardt's Field Lectures. The best manures are 

 given first. 



I. MANrKES Ricn in Nitrogen. 



1. Snbsla7ice contammg ammonia, (very forcing.) 

 Ammonical salts of all s<Trts, good guano, urates, 

 and putrid animal substances, such as blood, flesli, 

 skins, &c.; poudrette, gas-w-ater, putrid urine, 

 draining compost, fermented stable manure, es- 

 pecially of sheep and horses. 



2. Azotized substance that are easily decomposed, 

 (somewhat quickly forcing) — Horn-shavings, glue, 

 boiled flesh, bones liquified by acid, steamed and 

 highly pulverised, oil-cakes of all sorts, malt-grain 

 and the refuse of ))eer-breweries, fresh urine, drain- 

 ings, stable manure beginning to rot. 



3. Azotized sidislances that are decomposed xcith 

 difficulty, (slowly forcing.) Bone-dust coarsely 

 powdered, woolen-rags, fresh stable manure. 



4. Substances containing nitricacid, (quickly forc- 

 ing.) Nitrate of potash [ordinary saltpetre,] ni- 

 trate of soda or Cliili saltpetre, nitrate of lime, or 

 decayed stable-walls, rubbish of old clay walls, 

 and old compost earth. 



II. MANCKia Rich is Carbon : ^forming )iumus.] 



Stable-litter, straw, foliage, weeds, forest leaves, 

 eaw-dust, lawn and garden trimmings, rotten 

 mould, turf, earthy Ijrown-coal, and vegetable 

 substances of nearly all sorts. 



III. Manures coNrAiNivo Potasd : (strongly forcing.] 



Potash, nitrate of potash, malt-grain from beer- 

 breweries, urine of Itreeding cattle, wood ashes, 

 foliage, stalks and leaves of all sorts, lawn and 

 garden trimmings, building rubbish, street-sweep- 

 ings, compost, burnt clay and loam, marl of many 

 fiorts. 



IV. Manxhes containing Soda : (less visibly operative.] 



Common ^^alt, refuse salt, Chili salt, saltpetre, 

 ioap boilers' lye, urine, certain sorts of manuring 

 salts, Boda felspar, and some other kinds of stone, 

 soap-suds, dish-water. 



V. Mancrk Kich in Phosphoric Acid (seed forming.] 

 Burnt bones, bone black, sugar refuse from re- 

 fineries, phosphorite, and a few other kinds of 

 stone, poor guano, raw bones, bone dust, true 

 guano, animal substances of all kinds, oil-cake, 

 malt-grain, from breweries, solid human and ani- 

 mal excrements, stable-manures, urine of carniver- 

 ous animals, wood ashes, straw leaves, &c. 



VI. MANrnKS containing SuLriiURio Acid : (partly direct ma 

 nures partly absorbent of manuring substances.] 



Gypsum, sulphui-ic acid, green vitriol, sulphur- 

 coal, ashes of pit-coal, turf, and brown coal. 



VII. Manuabs Rich in Limb. 

 Burnt lime, chalk, marl, gypsum, ashes, ashes 

 of brown coal and turf, Iniilding rubbish, pond- 

 mud, and soap-boilers' ashes. 



VIII. Manures Rich in Silica. 

 Pit-coal ashes, as also ashes of all sorts, sand, 

 straw, stable-manure, &c. 



IX. Manures that Pclveuizk the Son.. 

 Sulphuric acid, muriaticacid,lime, mai'l,humus, 

 &c. 



X. Manures that I.vrROVB tub Soil. 



Lime, marl, loam, sand, j)ond-mud, vegetable 

 mould, turf, &c. 



Here is a fine classification of the chief manures 

 that arc employed as fertilizers. Tiiey sb.ould be 

 chosen and applied according to tlie nature and 

 condition of the soil, as well as with reference to 

 the crop, that is to be produced. Many of the 

 manures are compounds — hence the reason why 

 you find them repeated in the different classes. 

 The farmer should preserve this classification, and 

 use it until he finds a better one. 



For the New England Farmer. 



BUGOLOGY VS. SaUASHOLCGY. 



Mr. Farmer: — The remedy prescribed by one of 

 your correspondents is much like one I once heard 

 from a celet>rated physician. 



A ]iarticular friend of mine, an eminent profes- 

 sor and president of a medical college, and withal 

 a popular man, particularly with tlie ladies, for 

 his varied knowledge, social qualities, love and 

 knowledge of Ijotany, flowers, &c. &e., was convers- 

 ing with a bevy of young ladies. Among other 

 things lie told them they could eat as many onions 

 as they pleased, and by «iting another article all 

 the effect would 1)e so neutralized that no one would 

 suspect they had (sver seen one. Their curiosity 

 was excited, and all were anxious to liear the rem- 

 edy. The professor gravely told tliem that after 

 eating a hearty meal of onions, they should wit a 

 quantity of garlicjt. 



Now if your correspondent had a large plat of 

 autumnal marrowfat Rqu;u-;hesor cheese pumpkins 

 — and tliey were attacked by an array of striped 

 bugs — what would he do? Certainly, according to 

 his theory, not plant melons and cucumbers 

 among tliem. 



A more certain remedy for bugs may be found 

 in simple yellow Scotcli snuff— just sprinkle it on 

 their leaves — it will not injure them, and there 

 will be at once a general stampede among the 

 !)ng8. I have tried it nearly twenty years without 

 fail. C. Goodrich. 



Burlington, Vt., 1853. 



