1854. 



NEW ENGLAND FARMER. 



337 



COST OF MANURE. 



How many farmers continue to "vvork their farms 

 •without profit, for the want of asufficient amount 

 of fertilizers,. and many, too, whose income from 

 other sources than their farms, enables them every 

 year to loan an excess on mortgage. _ Nine-tenths 

 of their time and energies are fpent in tilling the 

 poor and worthless farm, to prevent its running 

 them in dcht, and still, they are unwilling to.in- 

 vest a single dollar in the purchase of manure, to 

 be refunded with double interest in a single season. 



The question simply should be, will a dollar's 

 worth of manure produce more than lOG cents 

 worth of corn beyond the expense of jn-oducing it, 

 and beyond the natural crop of the land. We 

 say that an extra dollar properly invested in man- 

 ures, will produce an excess crop of five dollars 

 worth of corn in a single year, and, in many cases, 

 a much larger ratio of increaso, besides leaving 

 the land worth nearly, or all tlie cost of manure, 

 better for future crops. What would be said of 

 the merchant who should loan so much of his cap- 

 ital on l}ond and mortgage, that ho had not suf- 

 ficient means to keep the necessary stock of goods 

 to supply his customers ? And why should the 

 farmer loan his money to others at six per c;'nt. 

 per annum, when he could earn a profit, in ad<li- 

 tiou to the interest, by using it himself? When a 

 farmer's income is truly in excess of his farm, then 

 he is consulting his best interest by investing his 

 money where it may bo used by others for his ben- 

 efit ; but until his own business is properly cared 

 for, he is wrong to part with the mjans necessary 

 to its success. 



Many a farmer now worth .slOOO boyond his 

 farm -was worth the same on arriving of age, and 

 might have rendered his farm capable of produc- 

 ing a similar sum every year in excess of his 

 wants, if, during the first year of his business, he 

 had placed the $1000 in his soil in the shape of 

 manure. Nor is this truth confined to tlie weal- 

 thy farmer, for many who now work 100 acres of 

 land and remain poor, might l)ecome comparative 

 ly ric',1 in a few years, by using the same amount 

 of manure on 50 acres winch they now use on 100. 

 So long as further additions of manure will in- 

 crease the product beyond cost, the fii^mer should 

 continue to increase the quantity used ; and if he 

 cannot do so by any other means, he should re- 

 duce the quantity of land tilled. — WorJ.ing Far- 

 mer. 



THE BEURRE BOSC PEAR. 

 Elliot, in liis new work on Fruit, says this pear 

 should have a place in the smallest collection. 

 Downing goes farther, and gives it unqualified 

 praise. Ho sa^-s it is large, handsome, a regular 

 bearer, always perfect, and of the highest flavor. 

 It bears singly, and not in clusters, lookiijg as if 

 thinned on the tree, whence it is always of fine 

 size. It was raised in 1807 by Van INIons, and 

 named Calebasse Bosc, in honor of M. Bosc, a 

 distinguished Belgian cultivator. Having also 

 l)een received at the garden of the Horticultural 

 iSocifty of London, under the name of Beurre Bosc, 

 Mr. Thompson thouglit itbcst to retain this name, 

 as less likely to lead to a confusion with the Cale- 

 basse, a distinct fruit. The tree grows vigorously ; 



shoots long, brownish olive. Fruit large; pyri- 

 form, a little uneven, tapering long and gradually 

 into the stalk. Skin pretty smooth, dark yellow, 

 a good deal covered with streaks and dots of cin- 

 namon russet, and slightly touched with red on 

 one side, ^alk one or two inches long, rather 

 slender, curved. Calyx sliort, set in a very shallow 

 basin. Flesh white, melting very butterj^, with a 

 rich delicious, and slightly perfumed flavor. Ri- 

 pens gradually, from the last of September to the 

 last of October. 





\\ 



u 



/ 



^y^iTrr* 



THE ANDREWS PEAR. 



This pear {dotted outline) is stated ])y Downixg 

 to be a favorite native seedling. It is found in the 

 neighborhood of Dorchester, and first introduced 

 to notice by a gentleman of Boston, wliosc name it 

 bears. It lias, for the last 15 years, been one of 

 the most popular fruits. It is of most excellent 

 flavor, a certain and regular bearer, even while 

 young, and the tree Avhich is very hardy, never 

 suflers from blight. Fruit rather largo, pyriform, 

 one sided. Skin smooth, and rather tliick, pale 

 yellowish green, with a dull red cheek, and a few 

 scattered dots. Stalk aljout )xn inch and a quar- 

 ter long, curved, set in a very shallow, blunt de- 

 pression, or often without depression. Calyx open, 

 placed in a small basin. Flesh greenish-wliite, 

 full of juice, molting, with a fine vinous flavor. 

 Early in September. Shoots diverging, light olive. 



