1854. 



NEW ENGLAND FARMER. 



341 



Perhaps, Messrs. Editors, some of your numer- 

 ous contril)utors or subscribers may afford benefi- 

 cial and useful hints on this subject. For surel}' 

 it cannot be that this marauding insect, the "Can- 

 ker Worm," is indistructible ; or that its annual 

 return to U8, blasting many of the best hopes of 

 the farmer, is but the embodiment of tliat worm, 

 which thescriptufe tells us "never dies." 



Anxious to do all in my poor ability to effect 

 this desired object, I would gladly be willing to 

 associate myself with any ten or twenty pex'sons, 

 a,nd off3r a premium, not less than 500 dollars, to 

 see if something cannot be effected, to overcome 

 effectually' this continued and increasing devasta- 

 tion and evil. Will the agricultural or horticul- 

 tural societies join hand ? 



Your friend and admirer, 



RoxBURV Russet. 



HIGH PRICES-EMIGRATION-SUGAR. 



We copy below from the United S/alcs Econo- 

 mist, a v.iluable commercial journal published 

 and conducted by Thom.\s P. Ketteli., at New 

 York. We give the whole article on the subject 

 of Sugar, that the reader may get an idea of the 

 amount imported, and that which is made from 

 beets. Something of the cost of producing sugar 

 on the plantations may be gathered from the let- 

 ter dated at New Orleans. 



Since 1S47 the number of immigrants tliathave 

 arrived has reached 1,750,000 souls, a number 

 more than the whole population of the Kingdom 

 of Hanover, which has an area of 14,27*J square 

 miles, and whieh exports $5,000,000 per annum, 

 and which is taxed $G, 500,000 per annum. Since 

 the year 1847 a population equal to the wiole of 

 that Kingdom, has, with its capital, skill r.ud in- 

 dustry, been poured upon the cities and plains of 

 the United States at a moment when California 

 was sending hither fifty millions of gold per an- 

 num, stimulating the production of railroads, and 

 every species of manufacture, giving i\ili eiajdoy 

 ment. It is not to be wondered at tliat such a 

 host of persons rushing into the United States, 

 seizing upon and vivifying every branch of Indus 

 try, should not only have caused a produ'^tion of 

 commodities but have consumed a large b'lpply. 

 Tlie high prices of produce in the past for,r years 

 have recpiited labor and encouraged enterprise, 

 and tlie short European crops of the present year 

 have served to send the current of labor into a 

 cultui-ar employments, hence the rising valu s of 

 Western lands. Immense tracts like those pene- 

 trated by the Illinois Central Railroad, ure in ea- 

 ger demand, and with the prospect of prolonged 

 political difli.nikies in Europe, the intrinsic value 

 of the lands is more than doubled. Land winch 

 raised GO liushels sod corn at 15 cents po'- bushel, 

 yielded iJO por acre and paid for the labor. The 

 same labor now realizes, ny the advance in C'»rn to 

 40 cents, $24 per acre. The external man i testa- 

 tion of the national prosperity is in the tx ports 

 from New York, to which point the sii olns larm 



of greater numbers and improving wealth, must 

 be met, but also those of inhabitants generally'. 

 Thus, in 1847, the population of the United States 

 was 20,050,000, it is now 25,000,000, according 

 to the estimates of natural increase ; if to this is 

 added 1,500,000 immigrants, the number is 26,- 

 500,000 in the Union. If the consumption of 

 goods in 1847 Avas $20 per liead per aimum, and 

 is now $30 per head per annum, the result would 

 be as follows : 



Population. Cons'iition per licaj. Value. 



1847 20,650,000 $20 $-Ho,000,000 



1851 26,500,000 30 779,50O,0i.K) 



Increased 5,850,000 $10 $:it36,500,OCO 



The receipts of gold from California have, de- 

 clined to some extent by reason of the enormous 

 losses that have been sustained on goods sent 

 thither last year. As compared with other arti- 

 cles, however, gold now conmiands the highest 

 price. It has risen within the year more than any 

 other article, since it will command at its place of 

 production, more of other products of industry, 

 than it would at any one time since the discovery 

 of the mines. Goods and produce are lower there 

 than at New York, and as the facilities for gold 

 digging and washing are greater, without any ap- 

 parent diminution in the yield of the mines, the 

 same amount of la'ior will give a greater quanti- 

 ty of gold, and that gold will command more com- 

 modities. These are elements which promise for 

 the close of tlie fiscal year 1855 a state of affairs 

 the reverse of that which is now experienced. 



SUGAR. 



The sugar trade of the world has received in the 

 last ten or fifteen years, a great impulse througii 

 the changed commercial policies of our own and 

 other governments. The improved prosperity of 

 the people of England and Europe, as well as t)f 

 the United States, leading to larger consumption, 

 on the one hand, while the development of the cul- 

 ture of the cane in Louisiana, and the beet sug.ir 

 in Europe, has tended to enhance the general sup- 

 ply, which again has been checked by the cour^J 

 of the British and French governments in respect 

 to their sugar colonies. The great reduction of 

 the sugar duties of Great Britain has had the ef- 

 fect of increasing the consumption of raw sugar 

 in the British Islands, 50 per cent. The duty on 

 foreign brown sugar in England, which was 00s. 

 per cwt., prior to July, 1840, has been 14s. since 

 July, 1851, and in this year 1854 the duties on 

 raw and refined will be equalized. Before the re- 

 moval of the proliibitive duty of GGs. in Great 

 Britain, Cuba, in bond, was lOs. Gd. per cwt.; it 

 is now 25s. Gd., the immense consumption raising 

 the price to the producer. The consumption in 

 Great Britain has steadily increased as follows : 



Colonial. Foreign. 

 Cwt. Cwt. 



1842 4,325,785 2,139 



1853 6,159,267 1,033,095 



Total. ^ Dutit?. 



Cwt. • i, 



4,327,974 5,485,413 



7,552,362 4,031,270 



The reduction in price and duty is equal to 

 ,$50,000,000 per annum to the sugar consumers, 

 while the enhanced remuneration to the growers 

 is manifest in the increased supply. While tlie 

 British demand for sugar was thus enhanced, the 



j)roduce t-rnds ; and we find that this value is now colonies produced less, and the extra demand from 

 tar in advance of the famine year for prodm o, ir- England fell on the markets of the world. In the 

 respective of specie. same period, although the aggregate consumption 



It follows tliatnotonly the wants of imnii::;rants of sugar on the continent increased, the demand 

 who create a demand for goods in the doubh- ratio [for cane sugar was checked by the extended [>ro- 



