234 



Manures. 



Vol. IX. 



last churnins^ was on the 30th of December 

 ]pst. I attended to the whole process care- 

 fully. The cream wheiv first put into the 

 churn, was 80 degrees— I waited till the 

 heat had fallen to 75 degrees, and immedi- 

 ately began the operation. The butter was 

 formed and ready to take out of the churn 

 in just ten minutes. By the way, I use, and 

 have for several years, a rocking churn, and 

 think it the best, all things taken into view, 

 that has ever been in use in New England. 



^ " N. B. Since writing the above, one of 

 * my neighbours, hearing of my successful 

 experiments, called on me to borrow my 

 thermometer,* to make a similar experi- 

 ment — he informed me that their two last 

 trials to make butter, after churning twenty- 

 four hours, had been unsuccessful. They 

 accordingly prepared the cream as above 

 directed, heating to 75 degrees — the butter 

 came in five minutes — was hard and good 

 for winter butter." 



By the editor of the N. EL Farmer, T. G. 

 Fessenden: "The above is a'valuable paper, 

 and establishes a fact of much importance 

 in housekeeping economy. We have fre- 

 quently recommended, and published the 

 recommendations of others, to warm cream 

 in cold weather, previous to any attempt to 

 convert it into butter. But the temperature 

 to which it should be raised, has not, so far 

 as we know, been ascertained previous to 

 the abovementioned experiments of our high- 

 Jy esteemed friend and correspondent." 



Manures. 



The following statement of experiments lately ap- 

 peared in the Albion, and has been kindly communi- 

 cated by the writer for tlie Cabinet. We need hardly 

 say that it would give us much pleasure, and add to 

 the value of our paper, to hear frequenUy from our 

 highly valued friend at Sandy Spring.— Ed. 



Professor HalloioelVs experiments to ascer- 

 tain the comparative efficacy of various 

 manures. 



All the value which experiments in agri- 

 culture can derive from great care in con- 

 ducting them, and from high character for 

 science and exactness on the part of the ex- 

 perimenter, belongs to the following state- 

 ment. But the best conducted experiments 

 may lead to disappointment when we at- 

 tempt to imitate them, without acquaintance 

 with the various circumstances which may 

 have influenced the results in any given 

 case, such as climate, soil, temperature, &c. 



* The price of a suitable instrument is a dollar or 

 less. — Index. 



The residence of Professor Ilalloweil, 

 near Sandy Spring, in Montgomery county, 

 Maryland, is in latitude 39°. 10'. N. The 

 general elevation of the country above the 

 tides of the Potomac is from 400 to 470i feet. 

 The greater elevation, however, has, inde- 

 pendent of latitude, a sensible effect, as, at 

 Sandy Spring, grain ripens eight or ten days 

 later than in the vicinity of Washington, at 

 the distance of only twenty miles, and in 

 the same latitude. The soil is, as stated by 

 Mr. H., thin, but from recent experiments, 

 very susceptible of improvement; with well 

 and spring-water, the latter very abundant, 

 and as pure, perhaps, as any in the world. 



The mean temperature of the region 

 where these experiments have been, and 

 still are in progress, for the twelve seasons 

 of the years 1828-9-30 and 31, was 51.63, 

 and combining this mean with that produced 

 by monthly observations made with equal 

 care, during the same period, on perennial 

 springs, the mean temperature at Sandy 

 Spring comes out 52.776 deg. or 52| deg. 

 Fahrenheit. 



The prevailing timber is^ oak of various 

 species, hickory of various species, Lirioden- 

 dron or poplar, red flowering maple, black 

 gum, &c., underwood the most abundant, 

 dogwood. 



The face of the country is moderately 

 hilly, or in parts only rolling, and extremely 

 pleasing to the eye, particularly the well- 

 improved farms ; in brief, it is a section of 

 our country in a high degree capable of im- 

 provement, and we may conclude by saying, 

 that a salutary and regenerating spirit has ' 

 breathed its iufluence mto the minds of its 

 people, which is giving activity and efficacy 

 to the modes adopted for its melioration. 

 That such influence, with the examples of 

 such friends of agriculture, and of all 

 peaceful and useful arts, will increase, 

 bringing forth good fruits, more and more 

 abundantly, is our wish and our confident 

 hope. 



In conclusion of these hasty remarks, on 

 some of the exterior circumstances under 

 which the experiments were made, we sub- 

 mit, and invite to the following letter, the 

 particular attention of the reader. 



Rockland, Eleventh mo. 22nd, 1844. 



Esteemed Friend, — In compliance with 

 the request contained in thy letter of the 

 12th inst., I forward a statement of the re- 

 sults of my experiments with different kinds 

 of manures. 



Experiment 1. — On the 20th of the fourth 

 month, 1843, I sowed bone-dust, as it is 

 called, on a part of my wheat, at the rate of 

 about six bushels to the acre. The cost of 



