350 



Industry Needed. 



Vol. IX. 



worked with the hoe and spade, and from 

 five to six feet, if to be worked with the 

 plough or cultivator, and should always run 

 horizontally with the terraces and drains. 

 The distance between the vines in the row 

 varies from two and a half to four feet, ac- 

 cording to the mode of training which is to 

 be adopted. 



Cuttings of the vine, with three or four 

 eyes, are sometimes planted, at proper dis- 

 tances, in the vineyard ; but the usual prac- 

 tice is, to plant them first in a nursery, in 

 rows, about eighteen inches apart, and from 

 four to six in a row, to strike root; here they 

 are to be well cultivated, and allowed to 

 grow one or two years, when they are taken 

 up in the spring and planted out in the vine- 

 yard. The fourth year from the cuttings, 

 that is, after they have had three summers' 

 growth, two in the nursery and one in the 

 vineyard, they may be allowed to bear a full 

 crop, or nearly as much as they ever should 

 be allowed to bear thereafter, which is about 

 one-fourth of a peck of grapes to each vine. 

 One acre of ground, planted six feet by three 

 apart, will contain about twenty-four hun- 

 dred vines, consequently will yield about 

 one hundred and fifty bushels of well as- 

 sorted grapes, which will make three hun- 

 dred gallons of wine, sometimes a little 

 more. An acre of good ground, well trench- 

 ed, and planted with Catawba vines, after it 

 has acquired six or seven years growth, may 

 be made to yield a much greater quantity; 

 and some small vineyards below Cincinnati, 

 on the hills of the Ohio river, have produced 

 at the rate of eight hundred gallons per 

 acre, but the vines were planted four feet 

 each way, making twenty-six hundred and 

 forty vines to the acre; but the proprietor 

 admitted that his vines were injured by 

 overbearing, and that his wine was inferior 

 in quality when allowed to produce that 

 quantity. 



I give three hundred gallons as the full 

 average quantity of wine made to the acre 

 in the neighbourhood of Cincinnati; of 

 course, much variation will depend upon 

 the manner of establishing a vineyard, and 

 its subsequent treatment. 



The comparative merits of the different 

 modes of preparing the ground for a vine 

 yard, cannot, as yet, be settled by experi 

 ence in this part of the country, as the 

 oldest vineyard, I believe has not been es- 

 tablished more than twelve or thirteen years. 

 Vineyards planted at Vevay, in Ind'a, by the 

 Swiss, merely on deeply ploughed ground, 

 failed in fifteen years. When the ground 

 is ploughed eighteen inches deep, it may 

 bear tolerably well for twenty years ; but a 

 vineyard planted on ground well trenched 



two feet deep, and properly drained and cul- 

 tivated, may be expected to last fifty or one 

 hundred years, perhaps more. The crop 

 also, is much more certain when the ground 

 is well trenched, not being so liable to suffer 

 from droughts or rainy seasons. 



The advantages of deep trenching have 

 become so apparent to those who have had 

 the most experience, that nearly all who 

 can afl^ord it, are now preparing their ground 

 in this manner, although done at an expense 

 varying from eighty to one hundred and 

 twenty-five dollars per acre, according to 

 the character of the ground. This, with 

 the addition of twenty-four hundred vines, 

 at sixty dollars per thousand for one year 

 old vines, the customary price in this mar- 

 ket, with the cost of planting, will make 

 the expense of one acre, exclusive of land, 

 stakes, &c., at least three hundred dollars, 

 or without trenching about two hundred. 



S. MOSUER. 



For the Farmers' Cabinet. 

 Industry Needed. 



" The author of a series of essays at the 

 south," says the South Western Farmer, 

 published in Mississippi, " is sounding an 

 alarm among the people of that region, upon 

 the state of public feeling in that section of 

 the country in relation to industry^ In the 

 course of one of his essays he says: 



" My recent visit to the northern states 

 has fully satisfied me, that the true secret of 

 our difficulties lies in the want of energy on 

 the part of our capitalists, and ignorance and 

 laziness on the part of those who ought to 

 labor. We need never look for thrift while 

 we permit our immense timber forests, gran- 

 ite quarries and mines, to lie idle, and supply 

 ourselves with hewn granite, pine boards, 

 laths, and shingles, &c., furnished by the 

 lazy dogs at the north — ah, worse than this, 

 we see our back country farmers, many of 

 whom are too lazy to mend a broken gate, 

 or repair the fences, to protect their crop 

 from the neighboring stock, actually supplied 

 with their axe, hoe, and broom-handles, pitch- 

 forks, rakes, &c., by the indolent mountain- 

 eers of New Hampshire and Massachusetts. 

 The time was when every old woman in the 

 country had her gourd, from which the coun- 

 try gardens were supplied with seeds. We 

 now find it more convenient to permit this 

 duty to devolve on our careful friends, the 

 Yankees. Even our boat-oars and handspikes 

 for rolling logs, are furnished ready made, to 

 our hand, and what gimcrack can possibly 

 be invented of which we are not the pur- 

 chasers'! These are the drains which are 

 impoverishing the south ; these are the true 



