vol" XXI. so. 7. 



AND HORTICULTURAL R E G I S T E R 



53 



" Newly planted trees being acted on as levers by 

 le wind, often press the eartli round their stems 

 side, and make an opening down to their roots, 

 •hicl'i in consequence suffer from both drought and 

 isturbance. To prevent this disaster, it is therc- 

 ,rc important that stakes should be provided to 

 jpport and stiffen them. If driven before the 

 ■ees are planted, tliey may be erect ; if driven 

 fter«ards, they may be slanting ; and in both 

 ases, straw bands should bo first wrapped once 

 uund to prevent the trees from chafing. 



» When trees are set in clay which holds water 

 iko a tub, they soak and often perish ; especially 

 r transplanted in autumn. This evil may be 

 eadily prevented, however, when the plow can be 

 ntroduced, by drawing several very deep furrows 

 ^here the trees are to stand, cleaning out the 

 oose earth with the shovel, and then employing 

 hips, brujh, potatoe tups, straw, cornstalks, or old^ 

 ails, in constructing an underdrain. Even if 

 iiade with tliese materials, it would last for an 

 ge, for when mouldered into earth, the water 

 could soak away along the seam. 



" Early in summer, after the trees are planted, 

 Bt the ground be well dug round with the spade, 

 ommencing shallow near the trees, but deepening 

 s soon as there is no danger of disturbing the 

 oots. One spading is worth several hoeings, 

 hough the broad hoe may be profitably employed 

 nee a month after the spade has thoroughly loos- 

 ned the soil. Trees managed in this way, will 

 row much faster than if the ground were just 

 cratched over to the depth of an inch or so ; and 

 lany of ours have grown as luxuriantly through 

 he late excessive drought, as if they were in want 

 f nothing. 



"The pruning of young trees to prevent their 

 pliUing down, is a very important operation. 

 Jany are greatly injured, and sometimes ruined, 

 or want of this precaution. Where the limbs di- 

 ■erge considerably, nature has provided a kind of 

 let-work of the firmest wood to connect them to- 

 rether; but where two leading branches take near- 

 y the same direction, they soon begin to press 

 igainst each other; and the bark interposing, the 

 ,Tood is prevented from uniting. The consequence 

 generally is, that when loaded with fruit, they are 

 jroken down by the wind. Now it is far better to 

 •,ut off the limb in time. No material loss is sus- 

 .ained, as all the nutriment flows into the other 

 jranches, and increases their vigor. 



" The advantage of pruning apple trees, is gen- 

 jerally known ; and unless many of the limbs are 

 'ut out, some of the finest varieties become com- 

 paratively diminutive and insipid. The same care 

 however, is rarely extended to other fruit trees. 

 When the twigs become stunted and mossy, some- 

 times they are trimmed by the tempest, or broken 

 down by an untimely fall of snow ; and then the 

 benefits of pruning are manifest, even when done 

 n that rough style. It is better, however, to de 



which purifies the bark, and leaves it in a fine 

 healthy condition. Once a year is quite sufficient. 



Krom llic All>any Culuvaior. 



„„, a right to remove the soil, it is the man who 

 owns the land from which the road was set off, 

 and he alone. Even he lias no right to remove 

 any thing by which he will prevent the safe pass- 

 ing (HI a road or highway. — Ed. Me. Far. 



USE OF MUCK. 

 Editors of the Cullivator.—/i3 I promised a short 

 time since, to give you some account of my expe- 

 rience in muck, I now proceed to state that in the 

 winter of '39-40, I drew from a larse mill pond on 

 the Kayadarosseras, 1000 loads, and put it on a 

 poor worn out field of 17 acres; soil, sand and 

 gravelly loam ; planted to corn the following 

 spring; product 50 bushels to the acre. This field 

 had gone through the genuine skinning process 

 previous to coming into my hands, and grew noth- 

 ing but sorrel and mullein. The extra product 1 

 counted at over 20 bushels per acre. 



In the fall of MO, I drew from what had been a 

 black ash swail or narrow strip of swamp, 300 loads, 

 and put on 4 acres of almost barren sand ; planted 

 to corn in '41, and though the drought was severe, 

 yet the produce was at least 50 bushels per acre. 

 In the winter of '40-'41, I drew from the pond 

 aforesaid, about 700 loads, and applied it to two 

 other fields ; planted to corn the following spring ; 

 produce equal to any thing in the neighborhood. 



I drew last fall and winter, from the asfi swail, 

 about 500 loads, and put it on 8 acres ; now plant- 

 ed with corn, and looks first rate. After corn, 1 

 have sown oats and seeded down : the seed which 

 before was invariably lost for want of nourishment, 

 has, since the muck application, taken in the most 

 perfect manner. The fields are all renovated, and 

 I consider the exporiment a complete triumph, to 

 the great discomfiture of certain wiseacres, who 

 prophesied, on my commencement, a failure. I have 

 the happiness to state that several of my neighbors, 

 who " seeing, believed," have adopted the practice, 

 are as uniformly successful, when applied to light, 

 worn out soils, for which it is, in my estinntion, 

 pre-eminent. For heavy loams, or clay, an admix- 

 ture of lime or yard manure, would be indispensa- 

 ble. 



The muck of my mill pond is making new ac- 

 cessions at each freshet, and where I first began 

 removing it there has nearly as much more accumu- 

 lated. I intend making largo and continued drafts 

 on these " banks of deposite," finding thus far, the 

 dividends fat, and " repudiation" and " protest" 

 unknown in the matter. 



Respectfully, yours, 



SETH WHALEN. 

 Saratoga co., JV. Y. 



From the Maine Farmer. 



WHO OWNS THE SOIL OF THE ROAD.' 

 Mr Editor — We wish to learn through the me- 



dium of your paper, whether we have a legal right 

 in that rough style. It is better, however, to de- ^^ ^^^J^ ^^^^ ^^^^ ^^ ^^^ ^,_._,^, ^^^^ j,,^^ p,,,,,^^ 

 pend on art than accident. As s general rule, the hi-rhwavs, opposite and contiguous to our 



best flavored fruit of the kind grows on the most 

 vigorous branches well exposed to the sun and 

 air; and with this idea constantly before us, we 

 shall hardly do amiss when we apply the axe, the 

 saw, or the chisel; though we may specify that 

 cross branches should be lopped, and thrifty shoots 

 that have room to spread, should be saved. 



" The tree mosses are parasitic plants, and 

 should be expelled from the Fruit Garden. Lye 

 is often used for this purpose on the apple tree ; 

 but we think it is no better than lime whitewash, 



to the highways, opposite and contiguous to our 

 neighbor's land, and convert the same to our own 

 private use, when the public convenience does not 

 require such removal. Suppose we are, or are not 

 vested with the authority of a highway Surveyor, 

 and has my neighbor above referred to, a right to 

 prosecute for damages.' iNQUiRtR. 



J^ote. — A man relinquishes to the public, (when 

 a road is located on his land,) only the right of 

 way, and what pertains to it that will be necessary 

 for the road and repairs. Of course, if any one 



THE NEW CORN LAW SYSTEM 



Appears to meet with little favor from the agri- 

 cultural interest in Great iiritain. The following 

 extract from the London Farmer's Magazine, will 

 show the bitter nature of the feelings with which 

 it is regarded : 



" We cannot give employment at the same time 

 to foreign and to home agriculture. It seems to 

 be the d'clermination of the British legislature, how- 

 ever, to give the preference in this respect to for- 

 eign serfs, boors, and American field laborers. 

 * * Although the Americans were not entire- 

 ly satisfied with our amended corn law, stiU they 

 promised themselves a favorable market thereafter, 

 for the surplus of their wheat crops ; and they also 

 calculated on the speedy establishment of anew 

 description of commerce, as likely to arise out of 

 our new tariff of duties, from the shipment of cured 

 provisions for the consumption of the inhabitants of 

 the United Kingdom. In New York, and indeed 

 in all the large cities and towns in the American 

 Union, beef was plenty at 3d. per pound for the 

 best quality. The means for increasing the growth 

 of cattle in the United States, are absolutely bound- 

 less, and in a few years it may possibly not be ne- 

 cessary for our farmers to pay rent for marshes, or 

 to grow winter food for cattle, for preserving meat 

 in a sound state, is an easy and cheap operation ; 

 and no doubt it will be attended to and acted on, 

 in due time, by our transatlantic brethren." 



RECIPES. 



Washington C<.4e.— This cake derives its name 

 from the fact that it was a great favorite at the table 

 of General Washington: the last two years of his 

 life it always lormod one of the delicacies of his 

 breakfast table, and is considered one of the stand- 

 \n<y dishes of a Virginia dejenne. 



"Recipe for Making— Take two lbs. of flour, one 

 quart of milk, with an ounce of butter heated to- 

 gether, put the milk and butter into the flour A-hen 

 ft is about lukewarm, add a penny's worth of yeast, 

 3 eo-ns and a tea spoonful of salt, place it in pans 

 over'night, and bake it in the morning, in a quick 

 oven for three quarters of an hour. S. 



Recipe for American Plum Pudding.— Take one 

 quart and a pint of whortleberries, wash them and 

 let them drain through a sieve ; to this put a pint 

 and a half of molasses, dissolve a tea spoonful of 

 pearl ash in warm water and stir it in the molasses 

 until it foams, then stir in flour enough till it be- 

 comes the consistence of pound cake before it is 

 baked, add spice to your taste. Tie the batter in 

 a bag, and let it boil 3 hours— serve it up with 

 sauce to your liking. ^• 



To Restore Rancid Butter to its original Sweet- 

 ness Churn the butter with fresh sweet milk, in 



the proportion ol 3 lbs. butter to half a gallon milk ; 

 it is said that this simple process will restore ran- 

 cid butter to nearly its former sweetness. — Hbany 

 Cult. 



Gen. Van Rensselaer, of Albanj, has a Century 

 plant now in flower. The flower-stalk is 17 feet 

 high. It has been in the family half a century. 



