vol.. x\i. xo. le. 



AND HORTICULTURAL REGISTER 



125 



MASS. HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. 



EXHIBITIO.N or FRUITS. 



Siiturday, Oct. 8, 1842. 

 From J. M. hrs, of Salein, by Wm. Kcnrick : 

 xfori! Stump, Svvaar, Conn, Ronibo, Quince, Mi- 

 lel Menry I'ippin, and Piper Apples; Catalino, 

 liimliian Virgalion, Bt'llo Lncrntive, Beijrre Ro- 

 in ? Bcurre Ho3C, (tine specimen,) Bnffnni, and 

 pwiimnnt Pears; Red Cliei-k iWelacatoii (fine 

 cii: en.) and Seedling Peaches ; Coe's late Red 

 ims, 



Fr< 11 Edmund Marsh, (iuincy ; fine specimen of 

 all'.cote and Lewis Pears. 



From John Hovey, Roxbury ; Quinces; Cataw- 

 nnd Sweetwater Grapes. 



Fine specimen of Orange Quinces from S. W. 

 kfon, of Boston. 



Wt. V Muscat and Isabella Grapes, bunches full 

 ] ri by John Cass, Boston. 

 Coe s Gulden Drop Plums, fine specimen, from 

 nry Vandine, of Cambrid<repi)rt ; also Quinces. 

 Sweetwater Grapes, from Geo. V\al6h, Charles- 

 'n. 



Baluwin and Russet Apples, extra size, having 

 in forced on young trees, by Eldridge Tufts, 

 Tibridgeport. 



Liargo Red and Green Apples, from Rev. G. B. 

 •ry. East Bradford. 



Ijonis Bon d' Jersey and Capiaumont Pears, by 

 in. Kenrick, Newton. 



?roin the President of the Society, Portugal or 

 able Quinces — fine specimen. 

 <'rom R. Manning, Salem ; Beurre Bosc, Bezi la 

 tt, Bcurre lironze. Jalousie, Brown Beurre, 

 )c's Russet, Urbaniste, and Fulton Pears — all 

 1 specimens. 



For the Committee, 

 '. B. V. FRENCH. 



From the Farmer'a Journal. 



LIQUID MANURE. 

 \\r F/Ditor — When accounts of the great value 

 iquid manure, as proved by experiment.'-', have 

 n published, and its great utility is so evident 

 examining the subject, it is surprising that far- 

 •s do not give heed to the subject. Every one 

 ■ware that '' manure is the farmer's gold mine," 

 great attention is given to the subject in mak- 

 compost heaps, procuring various materials, and 

 ing manure, often at a high price, all which 

 I be profitable ; but the far cheaper method of 

 ing li(]uid manure, should not be neglected, as 

 enerally is. 



Animal bodies are constantly wasting away and 

 Hiring a new supply of matter from food. The 

 Jte passes ofli" in urine and contains a large 

 lunt of fertilizing matter, and being in a liquid 

 :e IS well adapted to support plants ; as soluble 

 Iter only can be taken up by the roots of plants, 

 ough dung may appear far more valuable, from 

 body and substance, that part only which is sol- 

 e will be appopria'ted by the plant to its support. 

 Arthur Young manured four equal portions of a 

 d, one with dry cut straw, another with straw 

 ked five hours in fresh urine, a third with straw 

 kcd in like manner fifteen hours, and a fourth 

 h straw soaked three days; to a fifth portion 

 hing was applied. The whole was tilled alike 

 1 sowed with grain. The product of the first 

 8 30, the second 50, the third 63, the fourth 126, 

 1 the fifth 9. This experiment demonstrates, by 



the straw, tlie great value of vegetable lunlter for 

 manure, and by the urine, the great fertilizing pro- 

 perties of liquid manure, which is wasted by most 

 farmers in the country. 



A fiirmerin Scoilnnd dug a pit near his feeding 

 stall, and filled it with loam, at an expense of 2'.i 

 dollars. On this he conducted the urine of 14 cat- 

 tle for five months, and the whole was sntiirated. 

 The contents of the pit were 280 loads, which were 

 applied at the rate of 40 loads to the acre. There 

 was no perceptible difl'erencc between the crops on 

 land thus miinured, and on that to which an equal 

 quantity of (lung was applied. So he considered 

 the liquid and solid manure of equal value when 

 applied to the land; and the expense in the saving 

 and application of liquid manure, will not justi'y 

 its waste, as it will aflord a large profit beyond all 

 the expense and trouble. 



There are various ways of saving liquid manure, 

 and every farmer can follow that which is most 

 convenient, and by experiments learn which is 

 best. Dry loam, and litter, such as leaves, brakes, 

 weeds, refuse straw, &c., may be thrown on thn 

 floor to absorb the moisture, or a pnition of plaster 

 sufficient to be used with the manure, may be used 

 to absorb the moisture. 



Another method is to make the floor light, with 

 a channel at the back part to drain the urine into 

 a cistern, from which it may be carried to the field 

 and sprinkled upon grass or tillage lands, or used 

 in a compost heap, or it may be directed on a quail- 

 tity of loam placed to receive and absorb it. 



The cattle house may be so constructed that 

 loam, sods, &c., may be placed under the floor to 

 receive the liquid manure as it runs through. If 

 dry loam be used, it will require much less to ab- 

 sorb the liquid manure, and it will be much lighter 

 to cart. 



As manure is of so much importance to the far- 

 mer, and as a large amount of liquid may be col- 

 lected and applied conveniently, and at little ex- 

 pense, I hope the subject will no longer be neg- 

 lected. Let every farmer contrive some method to 

 save it this fall, and learn from his own experience 

 its great value. Economy. 



ALLOWANCE OF WATER TO HOR.SF.S. 

 It is b/ no means an uncommon notion that if 

 horses are to be got into condition to work, they 

 should be allowed to drink but a very small qu.nn- 

 tity of water. On what physiological basis this 

 opinion is founded, I con%ss appears to me a per- 

 fect mystery. Nevertheless, as many persons adopt 

 this treatment, it is fitting to notice it. For my 

 own part, I have ever found that it is an extremely 

 bad plan to stint a horse in his water, and I have 

 consequently always made a practice of leaving a 

 plenty of it at all times within roach of every horse 

 I ever had. Of course I do not intend to say that 

 when a horse comes in healed from exercise, he 

 should be suffered to drink, or should have a belly 

 full of water just prior to lieing ridden; but if a 

 horse be watered ad libitum in the morning, he 

 will not require to drink again for some hours, and 

 should never be allowed to do so then, unless per- 

 fectly cool. Those horses that arc only supplied 

 with a limited quantity of water at a time, and are 

 never permitted to slake their thirst fully, will be 

 much more liable to be griped, if at any time they 

 by chance should drink their fill, thun those that 

 are always sugered to take as nature dictates to 

 them; but should a horse have been hard worked 



nml come into his stable very hot, I would, after 

 having seen him well dried, nnly give him a small 

 quantity, for two reasons : first, because his eager- 

 ness for water may lead him to drink mnre at a 

 time tlian is good for him; and, secondly, because 

 a large quantity of water will probably ciiiiso him 

 to break out into a cold sweat, in which he may re- 

 ihain all night, if not looked to. After having 

 taken a third, or less, of a stable pailfull of water, 

 he should be kept without any for some time, and 

 then be allowed to take what ho pleases. When, 

 however, yon intond to stint your horses in this 

 way, do not suffer your groom to offer him a pail- 

 full of water, and to take it from him when he has 

 drunk a small portion of it, but let just the quantity 

 you wish him to have, and no more be given to him ; 

 he will then feel lo a certain degree satisfied with 

 what he gets ; whereas by taking from him what 

 he expects to have, he becomes fretful and discon- 

 tented. In the first instance he makes up his mind 

 to slake his thirst with a short allowance of water; 

 whereas in the second his just expectations are 

 baulked in mid career, and his imagination cheated 

 as it were, in the height of his enjoyment — and 

 there is much more in this than may be sujiposed. 

 Physiologists are well aware of the connexion ex- 

 isting between the stomach and the brain ; and 

 those who have not inquired into this fact, must 

 either do so before they attempt to refute it, or to 

 take what I have 'said as proved. — Sporting Maga- 

 zine. 



In Roberts's Life of Hannah More, we are told 

 that in 1783, Hannah More sat next to Dr. Johnson, 

 (the " giant of learning,") at a dinner party at the 

 Bishop of Chester's house. She says, '• I urged 

 him to take a Utile wine. He replied ' I can't drink 

 a little, child, and therefore I never touch it. M- 

 stinence is as easy to me as temperance would be 

 difficult.'" 



They are buiMing a reservoir on a very large 

 scale at Fresh Pond, (West Cambridge.) for the 

 purpose of manufacturing ice the coming winter. 

 It is intended to pump up the water into the basin, 

 and allow it to freeze, which it will much more 

 readily do than in the pond, as the depth will be 

 but little, and it can be but slightly disturbed. 

 What won't be done next.' — Bost. Amer. 



Education in the South. — The N. O. Picayune 

 has the following: "A gentleman in the upper 

 part of the Second Municipality, says that school 

 learning is of little use to a boy, and ho according- 

 ly teaches his son real practical knowledge, such as 

 he can get a living by — that is, he has kept him 

 turning a grindstone for about five years past." 



.Yohle.: — Miss Harriet Martinenu,of England, the 

 authoress, has declined a profl^ered pension of about 

 $800 per nniinm, on the ground that the Premier 

 has no right to bestow public money at his plea- 

 sure, especially when the people are suffering from 

 the want of bread ; and for the additional reason 

 that the pension would take away her freedom of 

 speech. She appears to be in straightened circum- 

 stances, and expresses her willingnejs to work for 

 her support Selected. 



A German farmer in Pennsylvania has given 200 

 bushels of wheat to the poor, as a thank-offering 

 for his abundant harvest. 



