AND HORTICULTURAL REGISTER. 



9 



PUFI.ISHED EY JOSEPH BRECK & CO., NO. 62 NORTH M.-IRKET STREET, (Aorichltuhal Wahehousi.)— ALLEN PUTNAM, EDITOR. 



BOSTON, WEDNESDAY EVENING, JUNE 7, 1843. 



[NO. 40. 



N. E. FARMER. 



BL.^CKSMITPI'S WORK, 

 many of our farmers have blacksmith's shops 

 ir own, the following directions for working ] 

 ind making edged tools, plain and simple as 

 re, may be of great value to theni, if careful - 

 lined upon their smiths, who are frequently 

 bunglers in this kind of work. — Southern 

 r. 



oik'ug Cast Steel — We havs recently ob- 

 informalion on this subject from the most 

 1 a no celebrated workman in the U. States, 

 J. Hill, of Billerica, Mass. We were a little 

 :ed to learn the difference in the manage- 

 )f c;ist steel, from that of the German. 

 !re is something yet remaining mysterious 

 egard to the nature and management of this 

 , which no cyclopedia or other vehicle of in- 

 nce Iiave as yet developed. 

 ! process of manufacturing cast steel, it is 

 r purpose at present to describe ; but it is 

 illy composed of refined iron and carbon in 

 ice proportions. In the process of shaping 

 cutting blades and other articles, it is lieat- 

 I hammered in the manner of other steel ; 

 tempered for this purpose, it is first heated to 

 cherry red, and plunged into water till cold. 

 I' then be held over a moderate charcoal fire, 

 I he color of any part which has been filed or 

 I bright after hardening, changes to a reddish 



I; color, 

 s is the temper for cutting tools, but if a 

 I temper is required, it is heated over the 



Iial till the color approaches a blue, or rather 

 inclined to red. In either case when the 

 I 3 brought to show these colors, it is to be 

 ?d in oil — common lamp or linseed >oil — 

 ■will not affect the color. 

 ae steel is to be rendered soft, for turning or 

 J, it must be heated to a full red, and left to 

 1 partially ignited charcoal; in this way it 

 e made so soft as to be cut or turned into 

 as easily as copper, or even common pewter. 

 . the most curious and peculiar process is 

 f welding. In welding iron, a white heat is 

 ensable, as every body knows; but not so 

 ;a£t steel. When the steel is to be welded 

 1, neither are to be heated above a full cher- 

 Tlie two parts are to be previously lashed 

 ped together, and in that condition heated: 

 lave then only to be immersed in calcined 

 , or to have the prepared borax (borate of so- 

 arinkled over the joint, and are ready to ad- 

 )y being hammered together. 



borax for this purpose is to be prepared by 

 previously heated to a full red, and kept 



i till it becomes a soft powder like flour, 

 lat the chemical effect of the calcined borax 

 3 mctalic surfaces is, is not perfectly under- 



1 farther than that its affinity for oxygen is 

 as to deprive the jointed surfaces of any por- 

 •f oxygen which might prevent a ready union 

 3 surfaces. 



When small pieces of steel are to be welded, 

 they are to heated to the full cherry red, and im- 

 mersed in tlio calcined borax, and then to bo ham- 

 mered together. 



The most extraordinary point in the process is 

 the fact, that if the steel is but a little overheated, 

 it will immediately crack into fragments; but liy 

 a shifted process, and with the use of borax, the 

 cracks and defects may be liealed and rendered 

 sound and solid. We have witnessed the fact, 

 that by a judicious management, a fine tempered 

 cutting edge of cast steel may be bent, warped 

 and hammered, and its shape materially changed 

 without breaking or affecting the temper. 



More may be said on this subject in a future 

 number, but we close for the present with the re- 

 mark, that even ' Anderson & Co., the celebrated 

 manufacturers of cast steel, are evidently unac- 

 quainted with all the merits of its peculiar proper- 

 ties Jlmer. Mechanic." 



SIX REASONS FOR PLANTING AN OR- 

 CHARD. 



1st. Would you leave an inheritance to your 

 children ? — plant an orchard. No other invest- 

 ment of money and labor will, in the long run, 

 pay so well. 



2d. Would you make home pleasant — the abode 

 of tlie social virtues? — plant an orchard. Nothing 

 better promotes among neighbors a feeling of kind- 

 ness and good will, than a treat of good fruit often 

 repeated. 



3d. Would you remove from your children the 

 strongest temptation to steal ? — plant an orchard. 

 If children cannot obtain fruit at home, they are 

 very apt to steal it; and when they have learned 

 to steal fruit, they are in a iair way to learn to 

 steal horses. 



4th. Would you cultivate a constant feeling of 

 thankfulness towards the great Giver of all good ? 



plant an orchard. By having constantly before 



you one of the greatest blessings given to man, 

 you must be hardened indeed if you are not influ- 

 enced by a spirit of humility and thankfulness. 



5th. Would you have your children love their 

 home; respect their parents while living, and ven- 

 erate their memory when dead ; in all their wan- 

 derings look back upon the home of their youth as 

 a sacred spot, an oasis in the great wilderness of 

 the world? — then plant an orcliard. 



6th. In short, if you wish to avail yourself of the 

 blessinn-s of a bountiful Providence, which are 

 within your reach, you must plant an orchard. 

 And when you do it, see that you plant good fruit. 

 Do n't plant crab apple trees, nor wild plums, nor 

 Indian peaches. The best are the cheapest. — 

 Far. Month. Visitor. ' 



Hhiletvash that will not rub of. — Mix half a pail 

 of lime and water ready to put on the wall; then 

 take a gill of wheat flour, mix up well in a very 

 little cold water, then pour boiling water over it 

 till it thickens. Pour it into the whitewash while 

 hot, and stir the whole together. — Selected. 



LIME. 



If any one doubts the paramount benefits of this 

 article in any soil or situation, let him try half an 

 acre, lime it well, and we thuik that in four or five 

 years he will extend the application. One wtU-done 

 is forever done witli this great fertilizer. Who 

 ever saw the ruins of a house where the plastering 

 and mortar is found, but has seen the rich strong 

 grass, at all seasons, wet and dry ? What produ- 

 ces this ? The fertility that gathers to the resi- 

 dence of man cannot thus last. Can it be any 

 other than the lime in the mortar ? 



Lime acts more decisively upon some soils than 

 upon others, but limestone land is ever fertile wher- 

 ever found, and where it is deficient, if we add it, 

 it will lemain. It seems to act in the manures as 

 a kind of condiment, preparing them for the a|ipc- 

 tites of the plants. 



A small portion of lime or alkaline matter is 

 found in all vegetables, grasses and trees; lime 

 supplies this, and hence the vigorous growth 

 wherever it is found. 



It is much more advantageous to double the 

 produce of one acre, than to work two acres for 

 the same return. Let us try this article. If we 

 see no marked advantage the first year, and but 

 little the second, doubt not: for it requires time to 

 get this material fairly under way. But when it 

 does act, its operation is steady and durable, and 



annually returns the cost of the application Far. 



Month. Visitor. 



Bleeding at the JVose The following simple 



means for arresting epistaxia, or bleeding at the 

 nose, may be worthy of a trial, coming as it does 

 from a scientific quarter — Dr. Nigrier, of Angicrs. 

 This is nothing more than closing with the oppo- 

 site hand, the nostril from wliich the blood flows, 

 while the arm of the same side is raised perpendicu- 

 larly above the head. In every instance in which 

 he has had recourse to this means during the past 

 tliree years. Dr. Nigrier has always found that it 

 suspended the hermorrage. — Foreign pap. 



Too True. — The celebrated John Randolph, on 

 a visit to a female friend, found her surrounded 

 with her seamstresses, making up a quantity of 

 clothing. "What work is this you are so busy 

 with ?" he asked. "O, sir, I am preparing this 

 clothing to send to the poor Greeks." On taking 

 leave, at the steps of the mansion ho saw some of 

 her servants in need of the very clothing which 

 their tender-hearted mistress was sending abroad. 

 "Madam," he exclaimed, "the Greeks are at your 

 door!" — Selected. 



"John, how high as the corn got up?'' "Wall, 

 sir, that depends on the flight of the crows. 'T is 

 purty tall, any how, for I seed some of it go up out 

 of sight this morning." — Windham Co. Dim. 



To Mark Linen A little vinegar in which a 



rusty nail has remained a few days, makes a mark 

 on linen which is not easily obliterated. 



