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AND HORTICULTURAL REGISTER 



PUBLISHED BY JOSEPH BRECK & CO., NO. 62 NOLITH M.VRKET STREET, (AonicoiTURAL \VABEMOua«.)-AL.LEN PUTNAM, EDITOR. 



BOSTON, WEDNESDAY EVENING, JUNE 28, 1843. 



[NO. sa. 



N. E. FARMER, 



From the Albany Cultivator. 



SMALL STONES O.V LAND. 

 Messrs. Eililors — I find I differ from some of my 

 iirDiin": friends wiUi rrgard lo the propriety of en- 

 irely frecin;^ the land we cultivate from all the 

 tones, largs and small, to bo found upon it. f 

 lave an impression ihat too clo.ae a removal would 

 le injurious ratlier tlian beneficial. Will you bo 

 o kind as to give us your opinion on the subject. 

 A You.NG Farmer. 



Soinethini^, we think, would be depending on 

 he nature of the soil, and something, perhaps, on 

 he kind of stones most common in the soil. On a 

 ery light gravelly or friable soil, it would scarcely 

 e possible to separate the stones too closely ; for 

 ;reator compactness is what is wanted on such 

 ands. On the contrary, if the soil is inclining to 

 e cold and dense, a too close removal of the small 

 tones would be decidedly injurious. 



These opinions do not rest on mere theory 

 lone. Mr Marshall, in his works on agriculture, 

 lentions an instance in which a turnpike company, 

 • ishing to obtain a quantity of slone, purchased of 

 farmer all that could be found to the depth of 18 

 nches in a certain field. The field abounded in 

 ne stone, and the farmer congratulated himself on 

 he final removal of this formidable obstruction to 

 ts culture. The whole earth, lo the required 

 cpth, was passed through a sieve or riddle, which 

 eparated every thing larger than an ounce ball. 

 ?he appearance of the field was greatly improved 

 y the operation, but the farmer found that its ca- 

 lacity for cropping was almost destroyed, and 

 vould have been lieartily glad to have returned 

 he money received, could the stones removed 

 ■een replaced. 



A friend has informed us of a somewhat singular 

 nstance in this State. A gentleman near the Cay- 

 iga bridge, had a. field of ten acres of excellent 

 oil, producing fine crops of wheat, but rendered 

 insightly by the abundance of broken limestone, 

 arge and small, with which it was covered. To 

 ree it from this nuisance, as he considered it, he 

 lad all the large or suitable sized ones removed, 

 ind made into walls, and those unfit for use rcmov- 

 ;d, and used for filling up a swamp in another 

 )lace. He is now convinced he erred greatly in 

 emoving them too closely ; the land is more dense 

 md compact, and in spite of the most careful culli- 

 /ation, it does not produce wheat near as well as 

 ormerly, or as well as similar land from which the 

 itones have not been removed. All stones have 

 in influence more or less on the soil ; and the 

 imestone, in addition to the effects of common 

 stone, is constantly undergoing a decomposition 

 which exerts a powerful action in modifying the 

 character of a soil. 



The value of the agricultural products consumed 

 annually in New V'ork city, is estimated by the 

 True Sun at $14,900,000. 



BREAKING COLTS. 



Somebody has said, " tliere is no man wholly 

 evil," and we are inclined to the opinion that there 

 is no animal wholly or irreclainiably vicious. Many 

 arc made nearly so by injudicious or brutal treat- 

 ment, and the con.se(iuence of our own misconduct 

 i.s charged upon the beast as instinctive or natural. 

 'l"he great secret in the management of all anin\als 

 is gentleness: lnvc, in this case at least, is more 

 powerful than fear ; and the animal socm learns 

 that docility and submission go not unrewarded. 

 Read, in Burkhardt or Lamartine, the manner in 

 which the Arabs treat their horses, rearing tliein 

 among their children, and frequently dividing their 

 last barley cake with them, and we cannot wonder 

 there are no vicious and unmanageable horses 

 among them. The mares and foals not unfrequenl- 

 ly occupy a part of the same tent with the family, 

 and the children climb upon and fondle them with- 

 out fear or injury. The affection and attachment 

 between the Arab and his horse, is reciprocal : the 

 animal meets him with a neigh of pleasure, and 

 bows his head to receive the expected caress. 

 Ai d throughout the country it will be found tliat 

 the man who.treats his liorses and other animals 

 with the most kindness and attention, has them 

 most docile and manageable, and the most free 

 from vicious propensities. The following, which 

 we copy from a communication in the Union Agri- 

 culturist, written by Mr Churchill, will better illus- 

 trate the effect of this law of kindness than any 

 remarks of ours : 



"My father, while I was young, kept a number 

 of mares for raising colts, among which wer? two. 

 which we called pretty high strung ; and the colts, 

 in that respect, were generally alter the mares. 

 One in particular, after injuring two or three men 

 in the neighborhood, by throwing them, he sold to 

 a horse-dealer, who took it to Hartford, Conn., 

 wliere it killed one negro, and nearly killed anoth- 

 er in the same way, both noted for sticking to a 

 horse's back. After these accidents, the driver 

 sold the colt to go to the West Indies, where, as 

 he said, there were plenty of negroes to kill. 



Having another colt of the same stock to break, 

 my father was concluding to take strong measures 

 to effect his object. I proposed to try more gen- 

 tle means ; told him that he had had his smart ri- 

 ders, that could jump from the ground on to the 

 back of a wild colt, without touching a hand, and 

 get thrown as quick. 'Give me Dowd,' said I, (a 

 young man equally as clumsy as myself,) 'and the 

 colt, and we will try what we can do.' After 

 lauThino- at us to his satisfaction, and some impor- 

 tunity on my part, he consented. 



We took the colt into a smooth pasture, where 

 it was familiar with every object, and led him 

 around the pasture very gently ; then, when stand- 

 ing, Dowd put his left arm over the colt's back, 

 and let it feel some of his weight; stood a lew 

 minutes in that position, the colt quite uneasy at 

 first, but soon became pacified by kind treatment. 

 I then took hold of Dowd's ancle, when his fool 

 was raised, and assi.'^ted him lo place himself across 



the back of the colt. After remaining in this po- 

 sition some five or six minutes, ho then gradually 

 put his right leg over, and raised himself to a per- 

 pendicular position. 



We let the colt stand thus till it showed a dis- 

 position to walk forward. At first it would take 

 but one or two steps, but soon found lliat it could 

 move with a man upon its back. In one hour's 

 time, Dowd rode the colt to the house without dif- 

 ficulty. During the whole time we were careful 

 to treat llie colt kindly ; to make no sudden or 

 quick motions to frighten it ; and by all means 

 not to vex it. Tliia colt, though extremely spirit- 

 ed^ proved a safe animal to ride. So much, we 

 said, on our return to the liouse, for kind treat- 

 ment ; and so much I have found to be correct 

 since in breaking colls, steers, or heifers. If an 

 animal shows a disposition lo fight, it must bo con- 

 quered ; after this is done effectually, kind treat- 

 ment is the best." — Mb. Cult. 



THINGS TO BE REMEMBERED. 



Horses should never be put to severe work on 

 a full stomach. .More horses are hurt by hard 

 driving after a full feed, than by a full feed after 

 hard driving. 



If the fanner wishes to have his pork barrel and 

 meal chest hold out, let him look well to his kitch- 

 en garden. Plenty of vegetables conduce not 

 more to health than to profit. 



In laying in a stock of winter fodder for animals, 

 let it not be forgotten that a little too much is just 

 enough. Starving animals at any time is misera- 

 ble policy. 



As you treat your land, so it will treat you. 

 Feed it with manures liberally, and it will yield 

 you bread bountifully. 



Avoid debt as you would the leprosy. If you 

 are ever templed to purchase on credit, put it off 

 for three days. You need time for reflection. 



Never beg fruit, or any thing else you can pro- 

 duce by the cxpendiluro of a little time or labor. 

 It is as reasonable to expect a man to give away 

 the products of his wheal field, as of his orchard 

 or fruit garden. 



The man who uses good seed, has a good soil, 

 and works it in good season, rarely fails of liaving 

 a good crop lo reward his toil. 



Never forfeit your word. The saying in truth, 

 of any farmer, "his word is as good as his bond," 

 is worth more to liim than the interest of 810,000 

 annually. — Ibid. 



Cause of Rain. — The theory propounded by Dr. 

 Hutton, that rain occurs from the mingling togeth- 

 er of great beds of air of unequal temperatures, 

 differently stored with moisture, is that which was 

 adopted by Dallon, Leslie, and others, and is the 

 current one, having been illustrated and strength- 

 ened by the clearer views, of the nature of deposi- 

 tion, which we now possess. — Utephens' Book oj 

 the Farm. 



