VOL. XIV. SO. 13- 



AND GARDENER'S JOURNAL 



101 



( ['roui a New York paper. ] 

 TRANSPLANTING TREES. 



It is a notorious fact, tliiit of tlio niiinhcr ot' 

 trees traiispianteil in our public walks and streets 

 for many yeui-s ])ast, |mrtieularly on the Battery 

 and in tbe Park, at least three-fourths have never 

 vejjetated at all, and of the few that have, no small 

 number of them have died the first season, and the 

 remainder are now, as it wore, struggling in a 

 sickly state between life and death. The sole 

 cause of whicli is, they have all been set a great 

 deal too deep in the ground, and tiie consequence 

 has been that the bark above root has become rot- 

 ten, and extinguished all vegetable life. The few 

 that have escaped this catastrophe will, if exam- 

 ined, be found to liave entire new roots formed 

 above the old, and the latter ])0sscssing no vegeta- 

 ble life whatever. .Vaturc plainly shows how deep 

 all trees ought to be planted. To set them in the 

 least deeper than they originally grew, is danger- 

 ous ; to set them much deeper, fatal. Those that 

 have been set out in the public walks in this city, 

 have generally been planted afoot or more deeper 

 than they naturally stood, and it is the height of 

 absurdity to expect such to live and flourish, with 

 so great a proportion buried in the earth, which 

 by the law of nature grew in the open air. To 

 bury animal life and expect it there to live and ma- 

 ture, is not more preposterous. In unusually ex- 

 posed situations, to guard against injury by high 

 winds, it is only required to shorten the tO|)S, and 

 otherwise trim them ; but on no account whatever 

 ought any part before nursed by its native air to 

 be buried in the earth. Particular attention to 

 these hints is now necessary from the improve- 

 ments making in the Park, and in the proposed 

 removal of a number of defunct trees to be re- 

 placed by others. A nimibcr are now ready, lying 

 on the ground for that purpose, waiting the ne- 

 cessary preparation. They have not only their 

 roots covered with earth, but at least two feet above I 

 It requires no great gift of prophecy to predict 

 that these will also share the fate of their prede- 

 cessors even before they are put in their places, if 

 suffered to remain any time in their present state. 

 Experience. 



RAISING COCOONS. 



The Silk business will be best prosecuted in 

 this country by having it systematized as in France 

 and Italy. Raising the cocoons is one liranch, 

 and not an expensive but rather a simple process. 

 Mulberry trees can be had at a trifling cost, and 

 when two or three years old, will furnish abun- 

 dant food for worms. They need occupy no 

 ground which could be appropriated to other uses. 

 They can be planted by the side offences in rows 

 all about a farmer's homestead. Even planted so 

 close as to form an impervious and beautiful 

 hedge, a valuable substitute for wooden fences. 



When the worms are hatched from the eggs a 

 portion of the barn or wood house can be appro- 

 priated to feeding them. About six weeks only 

 are occupied in the process, and the leaves can be 

 plucked and all needed attentions given the worms 

 by young boys or girls with very little exjierience. 

 After the feeding is over, and they begin to wind 

 their cocoons, they require no further attention. 

 The work is infinitely more agreeable, as well as 

 lucrative than the sedentary employment of cov- 

 ering buttons, or even working at palm-leaf hats 

 or straw-braiding. 



When the cocoons are wound, they can find a 

 ready cash market. The largi- establishments 

 which are conjing into existence in this coimtrj', 

 Ixith for raising worms and winding and weaving 

 the Silk, will consume more than can be had for 

 twenty years. In France and Italy the leaves are 

 furnished by one class of persons, another buys 

 them and feeds the worms, while others purchase 

 the cocoons and wind them for a fourth class, who 

 manufacture the silk. Cocoons are sold as most 

 other commodities are, carried into market by 

 the peasantry every morning, where iiurclmsers 

 are ever ready to secure a good article. We earn- 

 estly m-ge upon every farmer to plant mulberry 

 trees, and furnish a healthful and lucrative em- 

 ployment fur bis little ones. — M'orthampton Cour. 



clover for Alaiiure. 



T he plan of enriching laud by turning under a 

 sod or lay of clover, is, perhaps, one of the great- 

 est discoveries that has ever been made in the art 

 of ameliorating soils. Lorian states that he pur- 

 chased an exhausted farm in Pennsylvania, and by 

 pursuing this mode of renovating, he so improved 

 it th.at in a very few years, he more than quad- 

 rupled his crops. A writer in the Hagerstown 

 Torch states that he so enriched his land in this 

 manner, that it was too fertile for wheat, and he 

 was under the necessity of reducing it by a crop 

 of Indian corn. The practice of many others 

 confirms the fact that clover may be so managed 

 as not only to yield a fair profit as a fodder, hut 

 by ploughing the sod after the second crop is ta- 

 ken ofl^, it yields another profit in the shape of 

 manure, and is an excellent one, too, for many of 

 our most valuable crops. 



It is best to plough after the second crop is ta- 

 ken ofli", for the following reasons : — 



Clover, though considered a perennial, partaltes 

 much of the nature of a biennial plant, and does 

 not flower much during the first year. The se- 

 cond year it arrives to maturity, flowers profusely, 

 and, if not cut, ripens its seeds. Its strength for 

 bearing another crop of seed is nmch exhausted 

 — the most of it, except some young, strangling 

 roots or offsets, dies. The time, therefore, to 

 |)lough it under, is as soon as it has been cropped 

 for the second year ; for then the roots are as 

 loose as they probably ever will be, and will afford 

 the greatest quantity of nutritive matter. 



By adopting the rotation of crops in such a 

 manner as to hring clover into the succession, and 

 by so dividing your farm that those parts which 

 are most needy shall receive the necessary atten- 

 tion, it may in a few years become renovated, if 

 now exhausted ; or, if in good condition, inay be 

 kept so very easily, and the same time, while un- 

 dergoing the process, be yielding a profit. 



[Prom the Yaiikue Farmer.] 

 Preserving Apples for Hogs. 



Hogs may be kept well through the winter 

 mostly on apples. Select the hard ap|)les that 

 will keep well, using the soft and less dm-able 

 kinds for cider and for stock in the fall, and put 

 them in a shed, or some building in a cold place 

 where they will not be liable to be warmed by the 

 Sim. They should be gathered rather late, when 

 the weather is cold, that they may not become 

 heated ; they will freeze and generally continue 

 frozen through the winter; or if the weather 

 should be changeable and they should freeze and 

 thaw a few tiiTies, they will not lose their substance 



like those that rot in the cellar. If you have ap- 

 ples that are soft and will not keep well, which 

 you intend to jjive to your swine in the winter, it 

 would be the better way to put them in a box or 

 pen by themselves to be fed out first, and tbe hard 

 ones by themselves to be kept later. Frozen ap- 

 ples should bii warmed before given to hogs, and 

 they will be snfllciently cooked by the process of 

 freezing and thawing. 



Stf.ali.\g KRUiT. — We arc among the admirers 

 of General Smith's sentiment, lately given at the 

 Baltimore Exchange, when the mob were styled 

 fellow citizens. " Fellow citizens ! " exclaimed 

 the indignant veteran, " the man that plunders the 

 house of my neighbor is not my fellow citizen." 

 Now we would inquire if the sentiment might not 

 be extended a little further, so as to include the 

 marauder who plunders his neighbor's fruit ? and 

 for whom the laws of this land have prescribed 

 fine and imprisonment. 



This summer, two youngsters have been shot 

 in this district during their attempts at stealing 

 fruit. For the first, an apology was made in the 

 newspaper that he was only in a frolic ; and we 

 regret that any countryman of ours, having the 

 control of a press, should have no higher standard 

 of morality than to offer such a plea in vindication. 



" If a plunderer comes into my garden," said a 

 friend of ours to a learned judge, " how ought I to 

 proceed ?" "You are to defend your property," 

 was the i-eply. "Arrest him on the spot; and if 

 this cannot be done peaceably, you are authorized 

 to do it forcibly. If you use no unnecessary se- 

 verity you will be justified." 



Mammoth cheese We are informed that Col. 



Thomas S. Meacham, of Richland, Oswego co. 

 who keeps 154 cows and has made this season 

 300 cheese weighing 125 lbs. each, has made one 

 weighmg fourteoi hundred pounds, which he in- 

 tends to present to the President of the U. S. He 

 has also made several, weighing eight hundred 

 pounds each, one of which he intends for the Vice 

 President, one for Gov. Marcy, and one for each 

 of the cities of New York, Albany, .Troy and 

 Rochester. — Roch, Daily Adv. 



Recipe for making tomatoe catsup. — Cut 

 the tomatoes up finely, and between every layer 

 sju-inkle a layer of salt, let them stand a few hours 

 before you boil them, which <lo very well, then 

 strain them through a cullender, add horse radish, 

 mustard seed, ginger, pepper, cloves and mace, 

 cover the vessel close, and let the whole stand a 

 day or two, when it must be bottled and sealed for 

 use. Some persons add bruised onions or garlic 

 to the other seasoning. — Yankee Farmer. 



Apple jelly. — The apples are to be pared, 

 quartered, the core completely removed, and put 

 into a pot without water, cloaely covered, and 

 placed in an oven over a fire. When pretty well 

 stewed, the juice is to be squeezed out through a 

 cloth, to which a little of the white of an egg is to 

 be added, and then the sugar. Skim it previously 

 to boiling, then reduce it to a proper consistency, 

 and an excellent jelly will be the produce. — lb. 



A neat old lady. — A story is told of an old 

 lady in the ' ancient dominion,' who was so very 

 neat that she rubbed the floor with sand until she 

 fell through into the cellar, and broke her leg, 

 which caused her death. 



