166 



NEW ENG LAN D FAR MER 



DEC. 3, is: 



W^W ISlf-OlL^-SfS- If^s.mm^IB* 



BOSTON, WEDNESDAY EVENINU, DEC. 2, 1835 



FARMER'S WORK. 



Do every thing at the proper time. Keep every thing 

 in its priiper place. Use evfry thing fiir its proper pur- 

 pose. Never think any part of your business of too lit- 

 tle consequence to be thoroughly performed. 



If your milch cows are fml with roots, and are provi- 

 ded with good warm stables, you may make as good, and 

 almost as much butter in winter as in summer. Some, 

 howi'ver, complain that it is almost impossible to churn 

 cream into butter in cold weather. But if you warm ihe 

 cream to a proper temperature, before attempting to 

 churn it, you may convert it into butler, almost or quite 

 as easily in winter as in summer. In order to prove this 

 assertion, we will give our readers an extract trom a val- 

 uable article, written by tlie Bev. W. Allen, of North 

 Andover, Mass. and published in the New England Far- 

 mer, vol. xiii. p. 210. 



" Having thought much on this subject, [making but- 

 ter in cold weather,] and experiencing all the results of 

 which others complain, I have been led to the conclu- 

 sion, which ex|)eriments have confirmed, that there is a 

 certain degree of heat, could it be ascertained, to which 

 the cream might be raised, which would ensure a quick 

 process in the formation and separation of the butter from 

 the whey or milk, at the same time preserve the quality 

 of the butter, and prevent the frolliiness and softness, 

 wliich is the never failing result of long continued churn- 

 ing. 



" To ascertain the degree of heat necessary to ensure a 

 short process, we heated the cream on tlie hearth to 

 about 72 or 73 degrees, —this, with heat in the churn, 

 which was scalded with boiling water, gave to the cream 

 about 75 degrees heat. In six or seven tri.ils, during the 

 months of November and December, the longest process 

 in churning was twenty minutes, the shortest ten. The 

 butter has been uniformly sweet and hard, and in nothing 

 inferior to that made in October, except in color. The 

 last churning was on the 30th of December last. I at- 

 tended to the whole process carefully. The cream, 

 when first put into the churn, was 80 degrees. I waited 

 till tlie heat had fallen to 75, and immediately began the 

 operation The butter was formed, and ready to take 

 out of the churn, in just ten minutes. By the way, I 

 use, and have for several years, a rocking churn, and 

 think it the best, all things taken into view, that has 

 ever been in use in New England." « * • 



" Let every farmer purchase a thermometer, — he will 

 save in one year enough in labor and bolter to pay for it, 

 besides the gratification of having always good butter, 

 and a plenty of itj in the winter, provided he has tht 

 material to make it of" 



Make friends of yohr domestic animals — No an- 

 imals will thrive unless they are perfectly easy and com- 

 fortable; with no hardships to endure, no vexations to 

 annoy, and no tyrants to harrass, or prevent their per 

 feet lameness and domestication. If they are as mud 

 afraid of their owner or feeder as they would be of a 

 catamount, they will not thrive on the best of food. Or, 

 if the younger and weaker animals are hooked, gored, 

 and pushed about by the stronger beasts, lliey will not 

 thrive, though fed on the fat of the l.ind, and enjoying 

 all the luxury of which their kind and condition are sus- 

 ceptible. It is necessary also that they should be well 

 lodged as well as well fed. If they are exposed to the 

 neltings of the pitiless elements, their thriving would be 



out of the question, if they fiired sumptuously on pound 

 cake and plum pudding. If farmers do not think of, and 

 attend to all these things they may about as well omit 

 them all, and try some other means for obtaining a live- 

 lihood, in which inattention to small matters might not 

 involve consequences of so much magnitude. 



It is very important that cow houses and cattle st ibles 

 ihould be kept very clean and well littered. Dung left 

 n stables soon renders the air unwholesome, and is the 

 cause of disorder. Cows in a stable should be allowed a 

 square space of at least six feet each way for each cow. 

 Two or thiee ventilators neir the ground on the norlh 

 side afford, at a trifling expense, an excellent way of re- 

 newing and Bweeleniiig the air in stables in the summer 

 time, and if similar ventilators are placed on the south 

 side in the winter, beneficial consequences would result 

 These ventilators may be closed, when necessary, by 

 sliding doors, or small bundles of liay or straw will do 

 for want of something better. 



See that your calves, colts, and young cattle, are par- 

 ticularly well fed in the early part of the season. Cut 

 straw, about as short as oats, and mixed with oats, bar- 

 ley, or Indian meal, makes excellent food for horses or 

 cattle. Catlle will fatten or thrive the bet er for being 

 indu'ged with variety in their lood ; sometimes being 

 fed with roots, cut straw, oil cake, steamed or boiled 

 messes of chafl, &c. in preference to keeping them al- 

 ways on the best of hay. 



MASSACHUSETTS HORTICUIiTURAL, SOCIETY. 



Satiiritay.Nov. 28. 

 EXHIBITION OF FKUITS. 



From S. Downer, Beurred'Aremberg, Bezi Vaet, Bur- 

 germeester, Bell Cattilac Pears; and Pippin Apples. 



From Benj. Weld, Roxhury, Lewis' pears. 



From M H. Buggies, Fall River, Phillips' pears. 



From Col D. Adams, Newbury, pears, a cooking fruit. 



From C. Newhall, Beurre d'Aremberg pears, very 

 fine and melting. 



From the farm of the Hon. Daniel Webster, Marsh- 

 field, Tolraan's sweeting apples. 



For the Commiltee, 



P. B. HovEv, Jr. 



FLOWERS. 



From M. P. Wilder, Esq. a plant of Press's Eclipse 

 Camellia, (C japonica, var. eclipsis, in some catalogues 

 splendida,) wilh one expanded flower. This was the 

 first blossom ot this delicate and truly fine Camellia, that 

 has opened in this vicinity. 



For the Committee, 



C. M. HOVEY. 



MASSACHUSETTS SILK. 



We have at the <iffice of the New England Farmer, a 

 beautiful sample of Reeled Silk, mauiifactuied by Timo- 

 ihy Smith, of Amherst, Mass. It consists of about ten 

 pounds, and obtained a premium of len dollars at the 

 Brighton Fair, and five dollars at Northampton The 

 silk was sold by Mr Barren, the proprietor ol the New 

 England Farmer for fifty three d<dlar3. The owner has 

 thus realized about seventy dollars for nine pounds and 

 twelve ounces of Silk ! 



Wool Growing. — We were not aware that in v 

 growing, we were so far behind our neighbors of 

 westsiile of the Mountain. Our enti'rprising farmers 

 however, constiinlly increasing their flocks. We 

 surprised that the south part of the county hav 

 been more anxious to avail themselves of the ber 

 which unquestionably result from wool growing, 

 farmers of this town mu.'t have received fiir wool, s 

 the last seas<m, some 20,000, and our neighborsef V 

 minster. $25,000 ;— both towns having more than 

 fourth part of all the sheep in lie county. We ar 

 firmed that the number of sheep taxed is much she 

 the whole, as a practice prevails in (he western pa 

 the Stale, of keeping a portion of the sheep in 

 York, until tlie season of assessing has passed — prob 

 the whole number shorn in the State cannot have 

 less thnn 1.300,000 ;— and the value of the fleeces 

 2,000,000 to 2,500,000 dollars. 



It is probably no more than a fiir estimate, that 

 value of the wool when manufactured is doubled- 

 of course by doing this among ourseKes, the amoun 

 ceived by the people of the Stale for iheir wool, 

 labor expended upon it, would be from 4 lo $5,000 

 And still there are those among us, who would, by 

 narrow policy, a policy only befilling the dark 

 drive this profitable employment from us — and gi 

 to the enterprise and industry of the citizens of ni 

 boring States. We trust, however, that whatever 

 vate demagogues may do, no future legisl.iture will 

 hesitate to cherish the inicrest of the inanufnct 

 where it is nearly allied to that of the farmer. — Bel 

 Falls Journal, 



It is recommended by writers on the subject, to sow 

 salt and lime over ground infested by slugs, snails, grubs, 

 and other insects of their cliarailer. Lime when spread 

 over soil in a hot or caustic slate, it is slated, will destroy 

 insects and their larvae or eggs. When it becomes slack- 

 ed, and is held in solution by water, it is readily taken 

 up by plants as food, and forms a constituent part of 

 them. 



1ft 



India Rubber Maps.— A Mr Goodyear of New 

 ven, manufaciures maps of India Rubber. One oft 

 — a map of the vrorld— was recently exhibited a 

 fair, and was so constructed that it could be insti 

 bloum up into a globe, in the same manner as the ; 

 mentioned in the preface to Don Quivote, blew 

 dog. 



To what marvellous uses will India Rubber be bro 

 at last.' It is now used for almost all sorts of com 

 purposes. It is worn in the shape of coats, shoes 

 suspenders. It is slept upon in the shape of pillows 

 is eaten in the shape of bread, (vide Welch's mam 

 ture.) and it may be drank in the room of brand 

 wine, by dissolving it in spirits of turpentine. " S 

 are the uses of adversity," but sweeter are those of 1 

 Rubber. — JV. Y. Trasncript. 



Distrkssing AcciOENT. — Mr Levin Phillips of 

 Chester County, Maryland, lost his life on Friday las 

 a mosi distressing manner. He was engaged in ma 

 some little repairs to the v\'ind-niill on his farm, v 

 his clothes caught in the maidiinery by which he 

 carried round with great velocity, dashed now agi 

 the floor and now against other parts of the mill, i 

 he was mangled in a most shocking manner. Se\ 

 physicians were called, and it was at one lime thoi 

 that life might he saved by amputating both of his 1 

 hut it was soon after found that even this would 

 avail; that the mangled man must die. He expir 

 few hours after. Mr Phillips was a farmer of consi 

 able celebrity in his county, and a very respectable 

 izen He has left a wife and 12 children to mourr 

 loss. — Baltimore Patriot. 



Dreadful Explosion and Loss of Life — The p 

 der mills of General Samuel L. Pitkin, in East Hart) 

 about four miles from this city, was blown up on V 

 ncsday morning last, about 8 o'clock. Four men 

 were employed in the works were instantly killed 

 several others wounded. — Hartford Times. 



