VOL. XIV. XO. 



AND GARDENER'S. JOURNAL 



197 



my pnirtioal knowledge on the subject was very 

 liniiti'd, and frnni motives of caution no honey 

 was taken the first season. The past season a 

 small quantity only was taken, as I intend to re- 

 move the old hive and place in its stead one of a 

 better conslrnetion in the spring. That will re- 

 move the old cells that have become small and 

 unfiited to perfect the growth of young bees, and 

 give place to new ones better adapted to the pro- 

 duction of bees that are large and vigorous, to 

 supply vacancies that " by flood or field "are 

 made in the ranks of the old ones. And I see 

 no reason why a swarm umfcr a course of such 

 treatment (unless some new enemy shall arise) 

 may not be kept with both pleasure and profit for 

 man_v years. 



The number of bees probably need only be 

 limited by the richness and ability of our forests 

 and fields, to invite and remunerate their labors, 

 and until such limits are exceeded, any one pos- 

 sessing a spare garret or loft in house or barn, 

 may at a trifling expense enjoy the luxury of a 

 yearly supply of fresh honey of his own raising. 



Three entire seasons have now elapsed since 

 the moths were expelled from the hive, and as 

 yet the millers have given lio evidence of ability 

 to replace them with another brood. The time, 

 3onsidering the attendant circumstances, will pro- 

 oably be thought sufficient for a fair test of the 

 olan adopted, and if one experiment will warrant 

 ;t, would seem sufficient ground for the opinion 

 :hat bees, if favorably situated, may safely be left 

 .0 protect themselves from the ravages of those 

 nsects, without our resorting to screens or traps 

 )f any kind to prevent their approach. 



The plan of appropriating a small room to one 

 ■warm of bees, although not new elsewhere, I be- 

 ieve is not common in this section of country, 

 n some respects, I apprehend, it offers advantages 

 >ver the common method, beside that for protec- 

 ion from the moths. The bees will not be under 

 he necessity of swarming or colonizing for years, 

 ind the trouble of hiving, (an item of some con- 

 •equence to those not versed in the business,) or 

 Ihe danger of losing young swarms, for a time, at 

 last,^ are obviated. 



I subscribe myself, v.ith great respect, 

 Gentlemen, your most obdt. serv't, 



William Clark, Jr. 



^Northampton, Dtc. 1834. 



COTTON. 



That beautiful vegetable wool, or substance 

 ailed cotton is the spontaneous production of 

 hree pans of the earth. !t is found growing 

 laturally in all the tropical regions of Asia, Afri- 

 a and America, and may justly be comprehended 

 mong the most valuable gifts of a bountiful Cre- 

 tor, superintending and providing for the neces- 

 ities of man. 



The cotton wool which is manufactured into 

 loth, (for there is a species in the West Indies, 

 ailed silk or wild cotton, unfit for the loom) con- 

 ist of two distinct kinds, known to the planters 

 ly the name of green seed cotton and shrub cot- 

 on ; and thesi? again have subordinate marks of 

 ifference, with which the cultivator ought to be 

 veil acquainted, if he means to apply his labors 

 the greatest advantage. 



Green seed cotton is of two species ; in one of 

 rhich the wool is so firmly attached to the seed, 

 hat no method has hitherto been found of sepa- 



rating them, except by the hand ; an operation so 

 tedious and troublesome, that the value of the 

 commodity is not equal to the pains that are re- 

 quisite in preparing it for marki^t. This sort, 

 therefore, is at present cultivated |iriuci|:ally for 

 supplying wick for lamps that are used in sugar 

 boiling, and for domestic purposes ; but the staple 

 being exceedingly good, and its color perfectly 

 white, it would doubtless be a valuable acquisition 

 to the muslin manufactory, could means be found 

 of detaching it easily from the seed. The other 

 sort has larger seeds, of a duller green than the 

 former, and the wool is not of equal fineness ; 

 though nnich finer than the cotton wool in gen- 

 eral cultivation ; and it is easily separated from 

 the seed. 



I have been told that this species of the green 

 seed cotton is not sufliciently known to the plan- 

 ters in general, (being usually confounded with 

 the former,) or that probably it would be in high 

 estimation. Both the species above mentioned, 

 though they produce pods at an early stage when 

 they are mere shrubs, will, if suffered to spread, 

 grow into trees of considerable magnitude, and 

 yield annual crops, according to the season, with- 

 out any kind of cultivation. The blossoms put 

 forth in succession from October to January, and 

 the pods begin to open fit for gathering from 

 February to June. — Edwards' West Indies. 



Preve.ntion or Drt Rot The new steam 



boat launched on Wednesday, for the city of Dub- 

 lin Company, is entirely built of wood prepared 

 by Mr Ryan's process, for which he has taken out 

 a patent. The preparation consists in letting the 

 wood lie for some time in a solution of corrosive 

 sublimate, which impregnates it, and it is said 

 prevents the dry rot. We stated, some months 

 ago, that an extensive course of experiments, at 

 Woolwich, had completely established the fact 

 that Kyan's process does totally prevent dry rot 

 in timber. We have since met with the report 

 from the House of Commons on the subject, and 

 as the matter is of the utmost importance to the 

 shipping interest, as well as to house builders, we 

 have made the following abstract. 



The commissioners appointed by the Admiralty 

 to enquire into Mr Kyan's process, are John 

 Hayes, Dr. Birkbec, Messrs. T. F. Daniel, A. 

 Copland Hutchinson, and B. Rotch, Jr. They 

 report as to the general efficiency of the process, 

 that timber, canvas, and cordage, thus prepared, 

 had been tested by comparative trials, lasting for 

 years in a variety of ways, at Woolwich, Blargate, 

 London, Sheerness, and in no instance had the 

 dry rot attacked them, while unprepared timber, 

 &c., had invariably decayed under the same ex- 

 periments. That the process renders the ordinai-y 

 length of time for seasoning timber unnecessary. 

 That the solution diminishes in bulk by absorp- 

 tion, but the remainder is of the same strength as 

 at first. That the additional expense of building 

 the Samuel Enderbcy, a ship of 420 tons, entirely 

 of the prepared timber, 240/. ; and that the Admi- 

 ralty are to pay 1.5s. a load extra for such as may 

 be used in the construction of the Linnet. That 

 the process was not in the least unwholesome, and 

 that the crews of the two ships, wholly built of 

 the prepared timber, were reported " all well " 

 from the South Seas and Indian Ocean. That 

 the bilge water in a ship built of the prepared 

 timber, was pumped out "perfectly sweet." 



No doubt can now be reasonably entertained 

 as to the efficacy of the ])rocef<s. That it will be 

 generally adopted we are confident, and the sav- 

 ing will b(! i lense. It is not solely by ship 



builders that the prepared timber is used. Sir R. 

 Smirke (well known as an eminent architect in 

 London) has introduced it into ino=t of his build- 

 ings, and was one of the witnesses in its favor 

 before the cniiunittee. Certainly all public build- 

 ings should have the advantage of the process. 

 The state of the timber at the Lunatic Asylum in 

 Liverpool is abundant evidence of the injury done 

 to wood by dry root. 



It is supposed that government will purchasa 

 the remaining time of the period from Mr Kyan, 

 and throw it oyien for gratuitous adoption. Cer- 

 tainly there can be no public objection to this: 

 Dr Carmichael Smith got 5000Z. for his disinfect- 

 ing process; and this discovery fbr preventing 

 dry rot in timber, is of far greater importance to 

 the public at large Liverpool Jour. 



Artificial Stone. — Mr Obadiah Parker, a 

 native of New Hampshire, but for some years 

 past a resident of Onondaga county. New York, 

 has recently invented one of the most wonderful 

 and useful substances now in existence. It is a 

 kind of composition, which from a state of liquid 

 mortar, hardens, in the course of a few days into a 

 solid substance or stone, as firm and impenetrable 

 as granite, and susceptible of a most beautiful pol- 

 ish. From having exposed this article to the se- 

 verest tests, it is ascertained that the changes of 

 weather affect it rather beneficially than otherwise, 

 and that it is capable of witlistanding the severest 

 frosts without the least particle of injury. Cis- 

 terns containing water converted into solid ice^ 

 were found to be perfectly sound, and blocks pen- 

 etrated with the frost, and then exposed to the fire» 

 exhibited no signs of crumbling or of losing any 

 portion of their firmness or texture. 



This cement can be formed into pieces of any 

 shape, size or color, and in addition to being much 

 more beautiful than either stone or brick, and 

 what is a vety imjiortant consideration, it is much 

 cheaper. For every purpose for which stone and 

 brick are now used, this cement is invaluable ; 

 and such is the facility with which houses, fortifi- 

 cation, aqueducts, canals, &e. &c. may be con- 

 structed, that we need hardly be surprised to 

 find in the morning a palace, apparently of mar- 

 ble, where the night before there was no evidence 

 of an intention to build. 



For paving, this cement has also been found to 

 answer a very valuable purpose. A gentleman in 

 New York certifies, that in the fall of 1834, he 

 had a walk in his yard covered with a single 

 b]oc]^, forty two feet long, and that at the date of 

 his certificate, the 29tli ult., it was without a frac- 

 ture from the elements, although fully exposed to 

 the extreme severity of the frosts of last winter. 



The inventor and patentee is now in Boston 



Boston Statesman. 



When too many oysters have been incautiously 

 eaten, and are felt lying cold and heavy on the 

 stomach, we Iiave an infallible and immediate 

 ■emedy in hot milk, of which half a pint may be 

 drank, and it will quickly dissolve the oysters into, 

 a bland creamy jelly. Weak *id consumptive 

 persons shou'd always take this after their meal of 

 oysters. 



