VO!,. XIV. SiO. 89. 



A l\ I) (I A l{ I) K N K irs J () I) K N A L 



2^9 



aVnm lliu TciiTR'Ssco Fnniier.) 

 RBAKING OI< STOCK, 



In our lust iiiuiibor, we prniiiisiMl to notii-o this 

 bject 111 an early periinl. We now proced, in 

 til reileein llint pledjre, by replyiri",' to the 

 leries ot' onr correspomlont from Middle 'IVn- 



Tlie following rnles, we tliink, are applicable to 

 e reari»<r of every species of Stock : — 

 First, — Breed from the best stuck yon can 

 ocnre. There is littfe or no difference In the 

 pense of raising a fine bi^'h blooded horse, 

 irth from $150 to $3000, and an ill made, weak 

 1 worthless animal, wbicli, perhaps, may lie 

 il for from $30 to $60. 



Secondly, — Let your stock be well feil, wel 

 eltered, and in every respect well attended to. 



half-starved animal, exposed to every incle- 

 ncy of the weather, will attain to [iprfection, 

 1 many will die under such treatment. It is, 

 sides, one of the thousand instances of false 

 jnnmy, but, in truth, of Shameful vvjiste, thus to 

 at any animal ; because, it is not on'y attended 

 th a diminution of its value, far exceedihg the 



nse saved, but it is a wanton waste of food. 

 6 corn, for instance, required to sustain the life 

 I miserable, half-starved hog, vveij;hing, | erha s, 

 hree years old, from 120 to 150 lbs., and of 

 eniug him, if judiciously fed, would have 

 iscd him, at eighteen months old, to have 

 igbeJ from 200 to 300 lbs., and the result is 

 lilar ill regard to other stock. 

 Thirdly, — Let your animals be as regularly 

 ■plied with salt as with food. • 

 •'ourthly, — Let your food be properly and 

 nomical'y prepared. One bushel of grain, 

 und or steamed, will be equal to one and a 

 f, or two, fed whole and dry — and hay or 

 w, cut fine, is proportionably superior in value 

 he same quantity, fed w^ithout cutting. 

 T'ifthly, — Let the best practicable plan be 

 pted for saving the manure prodncei! by the 

 ■r, dung and urine of the stock. '1 his will, if 

 icious'y applied, be worth half their feed, and 

 letiiiies more than all of it. 

 Vs to the kind of stock, whether horses, mules, 

 :s, cattle, or sheep, which it would be most 

 fitalile to raise — this will depend on the ca])- 

 anil the description of each man's farm. For 

 aiicc, the farmer who is able to keep biood 

 res of the best blood, and can breed from first 

 ■, horses, should prefer raising fine horses to 

 les ; while he who can only avail himself of 

 rsc, ordinary mares, should breed nniles. — 

 lere there is a sufficiency of open land, for 

 in, meadow, and pasture, and several hands 

 stantly emplo3'ed, and also the necessary shel- 

 e have no hesitation in saying, that the far- 

 r ought to raise at least horses or mules, cattle 

 I hogs: because, the horses and mules, if well 

 plied with good hay, wi!l require but little 

 in ; the cattle will consume the straw, shucks, 

 I other provender, which could not be con- 

 ned by either horses or bogs, and, except for 

 ture in summer, they can be raised with very 

 le expense, while the manure they will make 

 1 he of great value. The whole corn crop, 

 )wing the oats and rye for horses, may be most 

 ifitably fed to hogs, and with the aid of clover 

 itnres in summer, and roots, such as artichokes, 

 5h potatoes, mangel wurtzel, &c., these animals. 



if properly attended to, and always kept in good 

 in-dcr, will hi- found to be amongst the nkisi | ro- 

 titahlc kind of stock ; wlnu'eas, if rcareil in the 

 common ohl fashioned mode, they will not pay 

 for the irrain consumed by Ihem, even iit the most 

 moderate price. [n the rearing of stock, it should 

 always be remembered, that care, punctuality in 

 feeding, and a strict observance, not of i arsimony, 

 or stinginess, but of true economy, which, to a 

 great ex;ent. consists in liberalily, are imlispinsa- 

 b'y necessary to a profitab e result. By the aid 

 of these, many animals vvill, by their manure 

 alone, jtay for their feed, and all will, by the same 

 means, make full renuineration for a large |)orlion 

 of their sustenance. 



We shoidd think, that by the aid of c'over, ju- 

 diciously managed and used, the occupants of the 

 fertile land of Middle Tennessee could not fail to 

 find the rearing of sloi'k a most profitable employ- 

 ment. 



Watering Cattle in Winter. — Perhaps it 

 would excite the surprise of many of our readers, 

 should we assert that cattle generally suffer more 

 from thirst in winter than during the heat of sum- 

 mer. Yet there is strong reason to believe that 

 this is, to a great extent, the case. Cattle whose 

 winter food consists entirely of hay, straw, and 

 other dry materials, need a [)lentiful and frequent 

 supply of pnro fresh water. This many do not 

 obtain, as nearly all rnnninji; streams are covered 

 with lire, and cattle are obliged to wander a con- 

 siderable distance from the yard to the watering 

 place, through deep snows or over a slippery 

 path, exposed to the annoyance of dogs, or to be 

 cored by other cattle, an I rather than endure this, 

 they often suffer much from a want of water. It 

 has been ascertained, that a bullock, who has wa- 

 ter at command, will drink it eight times a day. 

 It should always, therefore, he of easy access to 

 cattle at all times ; and not on a distant part of 

 the farm, or in the open road, so that in order that 

 cattle may help themselves to it, you are obliged 

 to leave your gate open, or barn-yard bars down, 

 and thus yr iir yard is thronged with vagrant colts 

 ind other ill-bred animals, who take possession of 

 whatever fodder they can lay their mouths upon, 

 afid pay no regard to the rights of meum and tuum, 

 Dr Anderson says that he knew a man who be- 

 came very rich by being great in little matters, 

 that is, in attending carefully to things which other 

 consider of too little consequence to claim their 

 notice ; and this man always made it a point to 

 see that his cattle, particularly his milch cows, 

 should have a constant supply of the purest water. 

 — Genesee Farmer. 



Pruning Grape Vines. — Hardy vines may be 

 pruned any time during winter. If the work is 

 done in the earlier part, the wounded parts will 

 have longer time to become dry and hardened, 

 and the sap vessels closed so that there will be less 

 danger of their bleeding in spring. This opera- 

 tion is best performed during mild open weather, 

 which frequently occurs in winter. Many grape 

 vines of the hardy varieties have been allowed to 

 grow without control, and have consequently be- 

 come too thick and numerous in the branches 



All but the most thrifty of the last year's shoots 

 should therefore be cut away, and increased thrift- 

 iness in the vine, and an improvement in the fruit 

 will be the consequence. — Genesee Farmer. 



CoLi) Winters. — in the year 400, the Euxine 

 was covered with ico for 20 days. In 850, the 

 Adriatic was covered with ice, but for what length 

 of time does not appear. In 929, thi' luimes 

 was frozen over i'uv thirteen weeks; tin- same 

 river was also frozen ovi r in 12G3, 1269, and 1607 

 and 1608. Several times since, the same has bap. 

 pened. 'J he winter of 1683 was so severe in En- 

 rope, that trees were split by the frost. Loaded 

 s edges passed on the ice from Boston to Nantasket 

 in the winter of 1606-7, and have done the .same 

 one or two winters since. On the 12th of De- 

 cember, 1708, the frosl in New England was so 

 intense, that trees were killed. A fall of snow 

 took |)laee in Fiibruary, 1717, so deep that people 

 in Boston had to gi t out of their chamber win- 

 dows. Eleven hnndreil sheep jierished on Fish- 

 er's Island, from being buried 16 feet in the snow: 

 two were found alive, after a lapse of 28 days, 

 they having supported themselves by chewing the 

 wool of the others. !n 1780, the Chesa cake was 

 covered with ice as far as the mouth of the Poto- 

 mac. In the same year, troops of horses and 

 h"avy cannon crossed on the ice from New York 

 to Slaten Is'and ; and Long Island Sound was 

 nearly covered with ice. Almost all the birds of 

 the forest perished. 



Lawyers should stuoy HoRTicuLTur.E. — A 

 case is recorded in the law reports, af an action 

 which was brought against a gardener near Lon- 

 don, in the reign of Charles the Second, for selling 

 cabbage seed instead of cauliflower seed. On trial 

 it appeared, that both had been planted near each 

 other, by the purchaser, and to this error, the gar- 

 dener contended that the degeneracy of the seed 

 was owing. Hut he lost his cause in consequence 

 of the prevailing ignorance of wliat is termed the 

 sexual doctrine of plants. But it has been made 

 known in succeeding ages that varieties of the 

 same species, as are cabbage and cauliflower, may 

 be totally changed by mixing of the pollen or fa- 

 rina of the flowers, a fact which not only teaches 

 gardeners the ni-cessity of raising seeds of these 

 varieties remote from each other, but a'so shows 

 the importance of members of the legal profession 

 understanding the ))rinciples of agricultural and 

 horticultural knowledge. — Gen. Far. 



Incorporating Knitting Our industrious 



dames and dautdters of the Commonwealth ought 

 to know that the men are getting the Legislature 

 to incorporate a man coiiqiany, to do all the knit- 

 ting in the State. It is too bad, thus to break up 

 almost the last ve-stige of fire-side industry left to 

 the ladies. We hope they will send in a petition 

 against this infringement on their domestic con- 

 cerns Advocate. 



Remarkable Circumstance. — Upon the trial 

 (by court martial) of Capt. Seymour and the offi- 

 cers of H. B. Majesty's frigate Challenge, for the 

 loss of that ship near the port of Conception, on 

 the coast 'of Chili, the extraordinary fact was 

 given ineviitence that the late earthquakes on that 

 coast have transformed what was previously a cur- 

 rent of two miles an hour to the southward, and 

 that the soundings along the whole coasts have 

 been materially changed. 



The first efforts in all great undertakings are 

 generally weak. The earliest navigators kept in 

 sight of the shore, distrusting their own powers. 



